BSNS115 INFO

Interaction Design (IxD)

Designing interactive digital products

Persona

Fictional character representing a user type

Goal

User's expectation of an end condition

Experience Goals

How the persona wants to feel using the product

End Goals

Persona's motivation for performing the task

Life Goals

Reasons why the persona wants to accomplish their goals

Primary Persona

Main target for interface design

Secondary Persona

Mostly satisfied with interface for primary persona (has small additional needs)

Supplemental Persona

Persona represented by a combination of primary and secondary personas

Customer Persona

Buys the product but not necessarily the end user (treated as a secondary persona)

Served Persona

Directly affected by use of the product but doesn't use it (treated as a secondary persona)

Negative Persona

The persona the product isn't being built for

Scenario

Concise

User Experience (UX)

Describes a person's perceptions of the utility of a product

Requirements

Descriptions of how the system should behave

3 Purposes of Requirements Analysis

Define system requirements

Properties of Good Quality Requirements Are:

Understandable

3 Stakeholders of IxD

Users of the system

Functional Requirement

Specifies what the system should do eg. the system must email an invoice when an order is placed

Non-Functional Requirement

Specifies how the system should do something eg. when the submit button is pressed the confirmation screen must load within 2 seconds

Problem Statement

Defines the purpose of the design initiative

Vision Statement

Serves as a high-level design objective

MoSCoW List

Must have this. Should have this. Could have this. Won't have this time

Storyboards convey

Setting

Low-Fi Prototype

Easy way to translate a design into a tangible concept (pen and paper)

2 Styles of Evaluation

Laboratory studies and field studies

System Usability Scale (SUS)

Standardized questionnaire used to assess usability

Heuristic Evaluation

Helps find usability problems in a design

Severity Rating Use

To allocate resources to fix problems and estimate need for more usability efforts (0 = barely any usability problem to 4 = usability is catastrophic

Severity Includes

Frequency

Components of IDEO Process

Hot Teams

IDEO Brainstorming Rules

One Conversation at a Time

IDEO's Innovation Process

Understand the Market/Client/Technology/Constraints

Ingredients for Process Modelling

Actors or Agents

Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN)

Graphical Notation for Business Processes

System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Comprises Seven Different Stages: Planning

Two Main Approaches to SDLC

Predictive (Planned Out in Advance) and Adaptive (More Flexible)

Agile Development

Philosophy to Develop Systems in Unknown and Rapidly Changing Environments

3 Main Approaches to Agile Development

Unified Process (UP)

Data

Raw Alphanumeric Values Obtained Through Different Methods

Information

Processed data organized to provide context and meaning

Knowledge

What we know and how it shapes our interpretation of information

Structured Text Files

Standardized formats for storing tabular data in plain text files

Tabular

Rows of data with values for a fixed number of columns

CSV File

Stores numbers and text with one line for each row

Tab Separated Values

Each row in the table separated by tab characters

Pros of Spreadsheets

Cheap

Cons of Spreadsheets

Prone to formula errors

Database

Central store of data

Relational Databases

Store data in tables and understand the layout of each table

Big Data

Complex

The V Model Includes:

Volume

Volume

Data at rest

Velocity

Streaming data

Variety

Data in many forms

Veracity

Data in doubt

Artificial Intelligence

Machines performing tasks requiring intelligence

Super Intelligence

Intellect exceeding human cognitive performance

Concerns of AI

Autonomous weapons

Machine Learning

Using statistical techniques for systems to learn from experience

Supervised Learning

Data examples are provided with desired output - train a model to predict outcome

Unsupervised Learning

Data examples are presented without annotation - cluster related examples into subsets

Accounting Information System

System that a business uses to collect

Pros of AIS

Integrated data

Cons of AIS

Expensive to set up

Pros of Cloud Solutions

No installation

How IS Are Changing Accounting?

Less repetition

Security

Protecting assets from damage or harm

Information Security

Focuses on protecting assets from damage or harm - CIA for confidentiality

Information Extortion

Attacker steals information from a computer system and demands compensation for its return or non-disclosure

Ransomware

Encrypts valuable information in a victim's system to extort payment for decryption

Three Aspects of Sustainability

Economic

Economic Sustainability Involves

Assets and operations

Social Sustainability Involves

Human resource management

Environmental Sustainability

Efficient use of materials

Features of a Sustainable Transport System

Affordable

Sustainability Reporting (ESG)

Measures and communicates performance on environmental

Scalability

Firm's ability to grow without hindrance as production increases

Utilitarian Perspective

Focuses on achieving the greatest balance of good over harm

Rights Perspective

Emphasizes protecting the moral rights of those affected

The Fairness Perspective

All individuals should be treated equally

The Common Good Perspective

Emphasizes that life in community is a good in itself

The Virtue Perspective

Actions should align with virtues that promote full human development

Metaverse

Virtual representation of a physical asset or process

Digital Twin

Digital replica of a physical object

Metaverse Standards Forum

Focuses on promoting interoperability for metaverse technologies

Pervasive Augmented Reality

Continuous immersion in computer-mediated reality

Cryptocurrency

Digital currency with transactions recorded on a decentralized system

Benefits of Cryptocurrency

Enables secure online transactions without reliance on banks or government

Internet of Things (IoT)

Network of interconnected products with embedded electronics

Data Mining

the process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of machine learning

Predictive Analytics

the use of data

Blockchain Technology

a decentralized

Virtual Reality (VR)

a simulated experience that can be similar to or completely different from the real world

Cybersecurity

the practice of protecting systems

IOT DEF

Giganti network of connected smart ‘things’, enabled by data analytics and AI, that can make our lives easier, cheaper and more reliable. examples of these include home devices, health wearables, agricultural sensors, and autonomous factories and mines