World History MIDTERM Review - Quizlet #3 (Latin American Revolutions - Industrial Revolution)

What was the general order of revolutions from 1789-1826?

French Revolution started (with storming of the Bastille in 1789), and so slaves in Haiti start to revolt while France is busy with their own government
Haiti achieves free slaves and continues to revolt while France is going through Reign of Terror (5-6 years after Bastille)
Toussaint L'Overture takes control of Haiti while Napoleon is taking over France (10-12 years after Bastille)
Napoleon gets upset and tries to retake Haiti but fails and Haiti independence achieved with Napoleon also emperor (15 years after Bastille).
Paraguay gains independence in South America during the Napoleonic Wars (Napoleon fights a bunch of countries so was too busy) (25ish years after Bastille)
Napoleon exiled to St. Elba (an island), escapes, exiled again to a 2nd island St. Helena (27 years after Bastille)
And for the next decade a bunch of Latin American countries get freed, ending with Peru in 1826 (37 years after Bastille)

Why did the Creoles lead the fight for Latin American Independence? (I love DBQ's 🗣️)

History department is an opp

Spain had a lot of colonies in Latin America, called viceroyalties because viceroys (rulers) controlled the colonies
However the people who lived in Latin America (Americanos) didn't get any say in government because they weren't Spanish
Also Spanish took a lot of the profit from Americas (mercantilism)
Then once Spain got busy with Napoleon taking over, Americanos, Creoles (American born but Spanish descent/parents), Mulattos (part African) or Mestizos (mixed blood) saw an opening and tried to remove the Spanish authority or Peninsulares (Spanish, born in Spain, but now live in Americas)

To answer the question of why Creoles:
they were rich, had some power, and were mad at Spanish for not giving them more power

Who was José de San Martín, Simon Bolivar, or Agustin de Uturbide?

Examples of Creole Latin American leaders who helped previously Spanish colonies gain their freedom

What was the Industrial Revolution?

A major change in the way goods were produced (human labor turned into machines, which were powered by new energies like fossil fuels, etc.)

Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Great Britain?

There were a lot of good natural resources like coal, iron, and timber (wood)
The triangular trade (Ships from Britain would buy slaves in Africa and then exchange them for money in America worth more than they spent) made a lot of money for the British
Britain had navigable rivers and harbors - they could transport lots of stuff cheaply by sending ships around Britain

How was Agricultural Production affected by the Industrial Revolution?

The Enclosure Act took people's small amounts of land and turned them into big farms all connected which boosted production (all managed by 1 person instead of many individual farmers)
New foods from Americas like corn/potatoes
Crop Rotation system (switch crops every once in a while to not ruin the soil)
New technology like fertilizers and seed drills to automatically plant seeds
This caused POPULATION GROWTH

How did the Industrial Revolution affect urbanization (moving into cities) and labor?

Enclosure Act took land from farmers, making them move into cities for work (also called Urbanization)
Because so many people were moving into these (at first) small cities, it caused some bad effects - it was overcrowded, smoky, not enough sanitation or sewers, not enough public services (police, firefighters, etc.), few green spaces with trees.
With jobs, there was long hours, low wages, and child labor. Factory owners hired children and women because they worked for less money.
70% of British were working class - benefitted the least from the Industrial Revolution and suffered the most

What are the 4 waves of the Industrial Revolution?

You might not need to know this but it was on a slide so:
1st - 1780-1840 - Mechanization (more machines), water power, steam power
2nd - 1870-1920 - Mass production/Assembly line, electricity
3rd - 1940-1980 - Computer and automation (automatic machines)
4th - Present day - Cyber Physical systems (electronics, wifi, etc.)

What are some other reasons for the Industrial Revolution?

Political Stability/Support - Britain had pro-business policies and a stable government so people could take risks with less chance of going into a lot of debt
Connections to the Rest of the World - Britain had a lot of colonies all over the world as an empire and so had access to foreign goods/resources like cotton from India and the United States

What were benefits and negatives of the Industrial Revolution?

Benefits:
- Lots of new technology that would become important for humanity (automatic things like steam engines would become electricity would become computers)
- More population & much stronger economy
- Much cheaper important goods like cotton clothing and cheaper food (lots more fibers/food because technology)
- More jobs
- Generally BETTER FOR POPULATION
Negatives:
- Exploitation of children and workers (child labor, low wages, bad working environment)
- Ruining the environment
- Overcrowded cities from all the people moving in
- Money inequality (some people had way, way more money than others)
- Generally WORSE FOR INDIVIDUAL PEOPLE (especially lower working class)