Axial Skeleton Overview 1.2b

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to the axial skeleton, including vertebrae types, their structures, characteristics, and related anatomical concepts.

Vertebral Column

Also known as the spinal column, consisting of 26 irregular shaped bones that provide a flexible structure.

Cervical Vertebrae

The 7 vertebrae in the neck region that curve in a concave direction.

Thoracic Vertebrae

The 12 vertebrae in the upper/middle back that curve in a convex direction and have costal facets for rib articulation.

Lumbar Vertebrae

The 5 larger vertebrae in the lower back that curve in a concave direction and bear the weight of the upper body.

Sacrum

A large triangular bone formed by five fused vertebrae, articulating with the hip bones.

Coccyx

The tailbone consisting of 4 fused vertebrae, functioning to anchor pelvic muscles.

Intervertebral Discs

Cushions between vertebral bodies made of annulus fibrosis and nucleus pulposis, acting as shock absorbers.

Atlas

C1 vertebra with no body or spinous process, articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull.

Axis

C2 vertebra featuring the dens that allows rotation of the head.

Scoliosis

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, often referred to as 'twisted disease.'

Kyphosis

An exaggerated thoracic curvature resulting in a hunched back appearance.

Lordosis

An exaggerated lumbar curve, also known as sway back.

True Ribs

Pairs 1-7 of the ribs that attach directly to the sternum via individual costal cartilages.

False Ribs

Ribs 8-12 that attach indirectly to the sternum, with ribs 11 and 12 known as floating ribs.

Sternal Anatomy

The sternum is made up of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.

Vertebral Foramen

The enclosed space formed by the body and vertebral arch that protects the spinal cord.