Unit 2 (Classics 30)

Adjective

Answers “How many” “Which one” “What kind”

Modified or describes nouns.

What is the morphological test for adjectives?

Can it be given -er or -est to show more or most?

What is the syntactical test for adjectives?

Do they fit between a noun marker and its noun or after seems?

Adverb

A word that modifies or describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb.

What is the test for adverbs?

There is no morphological or syntactical test, but it describes “how, when, and where” an action takes place.

Head

The main part of a certain phrase.

“The fast runner” → the head is runner

Intransitive verb

A verb with no object receiving the action.

Modifier

The one which describes, limits, or restricts a word.

“the fast runner” → fast is the modifier

Noun

A person, place, thing, or idea.

What is the morphological test for nouns?

Can you make it plural, usually by adding a -s ending?

What is the syntactical test for nouns?

Does it come after a certain noun marker? → a, many, that, those

What is a morphological test?

Does it change form?

Noun marker

A, the, those, that…

Noun modifier

It is a noun in a modifier spot.

Ex: “The horse race” → Horse is the modifier but it is a noun

Number

Refers to singular or plural for nouns

Object

Something receiving the action in the sentence.

“I ate pie” → pie is the object

Past tense

An action that happened in the past.

Phrase

Group of words, usually a noun marker, modifier, and a noun head.

Present tense

An action that is taking place in the presence

Transitive verb

A verb that acts on an object in the sentence.

Verb

An action

What is the morphological test for verbs?

Can it change tenses?

What is the syntactical test for verbs?

There is none

When are nasalized gammas used? And what is a nasalized gamma?

If it becomes before a kappa, chi, or xi.

Sounds like “-ng”

Difference between π and φ

π → w/o breathe → sounds like a p

φ → with breathe → sounds like an f

Difference between tau and theta.

Tau → T sound

Theta → Th sound

Difference between chi and kappa

Kappa → k sound → without breath

Chi → ch sound → w/ breath

What is a breathing?

It is a little apostrophe over the beginning vowels.

If it goes to the left ‘ → ignored in pronunciation

If it goes to the right → the word begins with an “h” sound

What is a diphtong?

It is a double vowel sound blended into one.

Prepositions

Small words that are places before a noun/pronoun

noun + preposition = prepositional phrase

Conjunctions

Join two things together

Coordinating conjunctions: join things of the same level

it can be nouns (compound subject) or verbs (compound verb) or sentences (compound sentences)

English’s Coordinating Conjunctions

For

And

Nor

But

Or

Yet

So

Alchemy

Language of Origin: Arabic, Greek, or Egyptian

Etymological meaning” The Egypt or the poured thing”

Modern meaning: Medieval Chemistry

Pandemonium

Language of Origin: Greek and Latin

Etymological meaning: All evil spirits

Modern meaning: Wild confusion

Lunatic

Language of Origin: Latin

Etymological meaning: Moon Struck

Modern meaning: Person of unsound mind

Punch

Language of Origin: Sanskrit

Etymological meaning: Five

Modern meaning: Type of mixed drink

Decimated

Language of Origin: Latin

Etymological meaning: Destruction by one-tenth

Modern meaning: Destroy a large number of

Stationary

Adj. meaning standing without moving

Stationery

N. Writing materials

Conservatism

Belief that it is best not to make changed

Conservation

Preservation of natural resources

Rout

Crushing defeat and a disorderly retreat

Route

Way that is rough and broken

Pro tempore

Temporarily

Word-by-word translation: for the time [being]

Ex officio

By reason of one’s office

Word-by-word translation: Out of duty

Magnum opus

Great work

Persona non grate

Unacceptable person

Ex Cathedra

From the seat of authority

Word-by-word translation: From the chair