Lab 2- Microbial Diversity

Prokaryotes

“Before the kernel” or before the nucleus

Eukaryotic

“true kernel” or contains a nucleus

Bacteria,Archaea

What two domains are prokaryotic?

Peptidoglycan

What material are bacteria cell walls made of?

Gram positive bacteria

Thick peptidoglycan layer that is stained purple by the dye crystal violet

Gram negative bacteria

Peptidoglycan layer is sandwiched between two membrane layers

heterotrophic

Using organic molecules

Chemotrophs

Using inorganic compounds

Prokaryotes

What domain does cyanobacteria (blue green algae) fall under?

Eukaryotes

What domain does red and green algae fall under?

Photosynthetic autotrophs

What are cyanobacteria?

Heterocysts

Specialized cells that are modified to convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to biologically accessible compounds (nitrogen fixation)

Prokaryotic

What domain does Proteobacteria fall under?

Rhizobia

Lives in root nodules of certain legumes (e.g., lentils, beans, and peanuts)

Proteins

What are Archaea cell walls composed of?

Archaea

Extremophiles

Acidophiles

Tolerant of very low pH

Halophiles

Tolerant of high salt

Thermophiles

Tolerant of high temperatures

Methanogenic

Metabolism produces methane

Last Eukaryote Common Ancestor

LECA

Opisthokonta

Fungi and animals

Archaeplastida

Red algae, green algae, and land plants

Eukaryotic

Amoebozoa (Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic)

Amoebas

Single celled eukaryotes

Psuedopods

How do amoebas move?

Pseudopods

Bulges of cytoplasm that push of the plasma membrane surrounding the cell

Contractile vacuole

Expels excess water from cells to regulate osmotic pressure

Phagocytosis

Extending pseudopods to encircle and engulf live prey or scavenged materials

Slime molds

Amoeba-like cells that many eventually form slimy yellow plasmodial strands

Plasmodial strands

Used to migrate from one location to another and engulf food particles

Amoebozoa

What cell species has contractile vacuoles?

Amoebozoa

What cell species use phagocytosis?

Amoebozoa

What cell species form slime molds?

Eukaryotic

Excavata (Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic)

Flagella

A whip like structure used in locomotion

Excavata

What cell species has flagella?

Euglenida and Kinetoplastea

What two groups are in the lineage of Euglenozoa?

Stramenopiles,Alveolata,Rhizaria

SAR

Holdfast

Fastens algae to substrates such as rocks or reefs

Stramenopiles

What groups does Stramenopiles,Alveolata,Rhizaria (SAR) fall under?

Stipe

Stalk like structure that connects the hold fast to the blade

Diatoms

Referred to as algae

Single celled

Diatoms (single celled or multicellular)

Diatoms

Form “shells” made of organic glass (silica) that protects them

Diatomaceous earth

Groupings of shells from dead diatoms form this

Ciliates

A group of Alveolata that move using cilia

Alveolata

Ciliates are a part of what group?

Alveolata

What group is Paramecium a part of?

Food vacuole

Stores food inside the cell

Contractile vacuoles

Regulates the quantity of water inside the cell

Dinoflagellates

Responsible for “red tide”, explosive populations blooms that occur in coastal waters

Alveolate

What eukaryotic category does Dinoflagellate fall under?

Dinoflagellate

Contains two flagella located in grooves in cellulose

Apicomplexans

Animal parasites

Plasmodium,Apicomplexans

What disease causes Malaria and what group does it fall under?

Foraminiferans (forams)

Possess a shell-like hardened structure outside the cell made of calcium carbonate (test)

Axopodia

Radiolarians move with this

Axopodia

Very thin pseudopods supported by microtubules that emerge from pores in their test

Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscillatoria

Three types of Cyanobacteria