principles of chemistry

Metabolism

The whole sum of reactions that occur throughout the body that provide the body with energy

Vital force theory (vitalism)

first stated by Jacob Berzelius in 1809

belief that living organisms possess usique properties not explained by ordinary processes

that organic material can only come from organic things

this the vital force

3 ways vitalism was debunked

1. Wholer’s synthesis f Urea (1828)

2. Pastuer disproving spontaneous generation

3. Buchner’s Cell-free fermentation

Wohler (1828)

Inorganic chemist

Discovered urea while mainly interested in synthesizing ammonium cyanate

Pasteur (1859)

Microbiologist

Was set to disprove spontaneous generation

Buchner

Zymologist (studies fermentation)

Yeast extract with no living yeast fungi can form alcohol from sugar solution

Discovered zymase from yeast that caused glycolysis

Does plant metabolism behave on the basic principals of chemistry and physics that govern inanimate matter

yes

What determines the elemental identity of an aton

proton

electronegativity

ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself

what is a polar molecule

have a slightly positive and negative end

Hydrogen bond

when 2 molecules come close to each other and their charges slightly attract each other

why is water the universal solvent

IT can surround and break apart ions and molecules because of water’s polarity and hydrogen bonding

What contributes to the earth’s temperature

high specific heat capacity of water

what is the specific heat capacity

Benefits of having a high specific heat capacity

What are the effects of having a high heat of vaporization

It makes it so that a lot of energy is required to change something from liquid to gas

Why does water have a high specific heat capacity and high heat of vaporization

What is a weird property of frozen water

Water molecules in ice arranges itself in a hexagonal structure

Makes ice less dense than water

Surface tension

Result of cohesive forces amongst water molecules

gives water resistance to outside pressures

pH scale

measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

0-14, alkalinity - acidity

What does pH measure

The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

What does pH stand for

Potential of hydrogen