schema theory

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20 Terms

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schema

cognitive frameworks or mental structures that organize knowledge and guide information processing

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assimilation

integrating new information into an existing schema without changing it

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accomodation

creating new schema to incorporate new information

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scripts

schemas for events ( celebrating a holiday ) guide behavior over time

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stereotypes

social schemas that can influence perception and memory , sometimes influenced by confirmation bias

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conformation bias

the tendency to focus on information that confirms your existing beliefs while ignoring the other information

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bartlett ( 1932 ) war of ghosts aim

to investigate how memory is reconstructed based on pre existing schemas

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bartlett ( 1932 ) war of ghosts sample

british participants

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bartlett ( 1932 ) war of ghosts procedure

participants were told a native american story called war of ghosts , lter they were asked to recall the story , sometimes after varying intervals , the retelling were then analyzed

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bartlett ( 1932 ) war of ghosts results

partcipants change the story to fit into their own cultural expectations , the story become shorter , and some unfamiliar words has been changed to more familiar ones

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bartlett ( 1932 ) war of ghosts conclusion

memory is not a passive recall of information rather an active process that is influenced by our existing knowledge

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bartlett ( 1932 ) war of ghosts strenghts

high ecological validity

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bartlett ( 1932 ) war of ghosts

low internal validity

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Brewer & Treyens (1981) aim

to investigate the role of schema in encoding and retreival of memory

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Brewer & Treyens (1981) sample

86 university psychology students

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Brewer & Treyens (1981) procedure

participants were asked to wait in an office for 35 seconds the office was set up to look like a real office but with unusual items like a toy and without some expected items like books , then they were asked to recall what they had seen either through written recall or drawing

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Brewer & Treyens (1981) results

participants were more likely to recall the typical items in the office due to office schemas , they recalled some items that were not present in the office like books and the unusual items were less remembered unless they were particularly distinctive

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Brewer & Treyens (1981) conclusion

schema influence memory , people tend to remember items consistent with their schema and may falsley recall expected but absent items

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Brewer & Treyens (1981) strenghts

high internal validity / supports schema theory by using quantitative and qualitative data

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Brewer & Treyens (1981) limitations

low ecological validity / Demand characteristics – participants knew they were part of a memory experiment.