Module 1 - subtractive conditions

Anorexia nervosa (multiple systems)

a psychological eating disorder which results in an extreme weight loss. Overall body thickness is reduced

Atrophy (multiple systems)

a wasting away of body tissue with diminished cell proliferation resulting in reduced thickness of a specific part

Emaciation (multiple systems)

a generalized wasting away of body tissue resulting in reduced thickness of the body

Emphysema (chest)

the over-distention of the lung tissue by air will result in a decrease in lung tissue density

Pneumothorax (chest)

free air in the pleural cavity displaces normal lung tissue and results in decreased density within the thoracic cavity

Aerophagia (abdomen)

a psychological disorder resulting in abnormal swallowing of air. The stomach becomes dilated from the air and overall tissue density decreases

Bowel obstruction (abdomen)

an obstruction in the bowel results in the abnormal accumulation of air and fluid. If a large amount of air is trapped in the bowel, the overall density of the tissues is decreased

Active osteomyelitis (extremities/skull)

with a bone infection there is initially a loss of bone tissue, resulting in a decrease in the thickness and composition of the part

Aseptic necrosis (extremities/skull)

death of bone tissue results in a decrease in composition and thickness of the part

Carcinoma (extremities/skull)

malignancies in bone can cause an osteolytic process, resulting in decreased thickness and composition of the part

Degenerative arthritis (extremities/skull)

inflammation of the joints results in a destruction of adjoining bone tissue, which decreases the composition of the part

Fibrosarcoma (extremities/skull)

this malignant tumor of the metaphysic of bone causes an osteolytic lesion with a “moth-eaten” appearance. The result is reduced bone composition

Gout (extremities/skull)

during the chronic stages of this metabolic disease, areas of bone destruction result in punched-out lesions that reduce the bone composition

Hyperparathyroidism (extremities/skull)

oversecretion of the parathyroid hormone causes calcium to leave bone and enter the bloodstream. The bone becomes demineralized and composition is decreased

Multiple myeloma (extremities/skull)

this malignant tumor arises from plasma cells of bone marrow and causes punched-out osteolytic areas of the bone. Often many sites are affected and reduced bone tissue composition results

Osteolytic metastases (extremities/skull)

when some malignancies spread to bone they produce destruction of the bone, resulting in reduced composition

Osteomalacia (extremities/skull)

a defect in bone mineralization results in decreased composition of the affected bone

Osteoporosis (extremities/skull)

a defect in bone production due to the failure of osteoblasts to lay down bone matrix results in decreased composition