English Final Exam

A Pair of Tickets

Amy Tan

Everyday Use

Alice Walker

Girl

Jamaica Kincaid

The Chrysanthemum

John Steinback

The Storm

Kate Chopin

The Yellow Wallpaper

Charlotte Perkins Gilman

The Lottery

Shirley Jackson

Dead Man's Path

Chinua Achebe

A Rose for Emily

William Faulkner

Harrison Bergeron

Kurt Vonnegut

A&P

John Updike

The Tell Tale Heart

Edgar Allen Poe

The Sound of Thunder

Ray Bradbury

1st Person

I, me, we, us

2nd Person

You, Yours

3rd Person

he/she,they,him, her

Omniscent

We hear the thoughts/opinions of the characters

limited omniscient

a third person narrator who reports the thoughts of only one/very few character(s)

Objective

Thoughts/feelings are not expressed by the narrator

Editoral

expressing opinions or bias

Impartial

unbiased; neutral

Protagonist (Pov)

When a story is from the main characters perspective

observer

someone who watches the story; not the main character

Reliable

trustworthy and dependable

Unreliable

not able to be trusted or depended on

Flat

No depth/ no personality

Round

Many characteristics

Static

Having no motion or change

Dynamic

When a character changes in a story

Antihero

A protagonist who is markedly unheroic: morally weak, cowardly, dishonest, or any number of other unsavory qualities.

Hero

an inspiring character who demonstrates honor and integrity and does noble deeds

Antagonist

A character or force in conflict with the main character

Protagonist

Main character in a story

Epiphany

A moment of sudden revelation or insight

Plot

Sequence of events in a story

Setting

The time and place of a story

In Medias Res

in or into the middle of a plot; into the middle of things

Local Color

the customs, manner of speech, dress, or other typical features of a place or period

Dramatic Situation

a person is involved in some conflict

flashback

a scene in a story that is set in a time earlier than the main story.

Foreshadowing

A warning or indication of a future event

Exposition

When the story starts with some background information

Climax

Most exciting moment of the story; turning point

Resolution

End of the story where loose ends are tied up

Allegory

A series of symbols that all work together in a story to make the whole story symbolic of an idea.

Signal phrases

a phrase, clause, or sentence that introduces a quotation, paraphrase, or summary

Parenthetical citation

MLA in-text citation typically consisting of the source author's name and a page number or in the case of no author, a key word from the title

How do you quote the Odyssey?

(Homer, Book, Lines) ex: (Homer, 2. 67)

Example of quoting less then 4 lines in The Odyssey

"Sing to me of the man, Muse, the man of twists and turns/ driven time and again off course, once he had plundered/ the hallowed heights of Troy" (Homer 1. 1.3)

For quoting the Odyssey, an elipies means there is..

more on the LINE, not the sentence. Ex:

Odysseus is "...the man of twists and turns/driven time and again off course..."(Homer 1. 1-2)

Example of quoting more then 4 lines (bracket quoting)

Mother has always told me I'm his son, it's true,

but I am not so certain. Who on his own,

has ever really known who gave him life?

Would to god I'd been the son of a happy man,

Whom old age overtook in the midst of his possessions! (Homer 1. 249-253)

(remeber to double tab it!!)

Bracket quoting with ellipses example

Mother has always told me I'm his son, its true,

but I am not so certain.............................

.......................................................

Would to god I'd been the son of a happy man

Whom old age overtook in the midst of his possessions! (Homer 1. 249-254)

Elipsis

Used to shorten a quote to show only essential information

Brackets

Use to include explanatory words or phrases within a quote

Sigmund Freud

Created iceberg theory

Iceberg theory

there is a large part of our consciousness that is not actively acknowledged (subconscious)

Carl Jung

Student of Freud who created collective unconscious

collective unconcious

shared space in our subconscious that unites humans across time and culture); cause of hero cycle occuring in other cultures/places

Joseph Campbell

Creator of archetypes (model/pattern that exist in unconsious) and hero cycle

The Sound of Thunder Hero Cycle

Hero : Eckels

Known World : Present

Unknown World : Past

Separation:

Call to Adventure: Eckels wanting to shoot a T-Rex.

Mentor: Mr. Travis.

Companions: Lesperance, Billings, and Kramer.

Talisman: The rifle Eckels brings to the past.

Crossing the Threshold: When the time machine lands in the past.

Initiation:

Ritual Death: After seeing the T-Rex, Eckels realizes he no longer wants to be in the past, he loses the part of him that was confident in killing the dinosaur.

Dragon Battle: Fighting the T-Rex and walking off the path.

Mini Boon: When the T-rex dies, this is a mini boon and not an ultimate boon because it is no longer Eckels's goal to kill the T-Rex, it is to go home.

Belly of the Whale: When Mr. Travis tells Eckels that he is not coming back home with them.

Brother Battle: Mr. Travis fighting with Eckels and wanting to leave him in the past.

Side journey: Going to retrieve the bullets from the T-rex's mouth.

Ultimate Boon: Mr. Travis letting Eckels return

Crossing the return threshold: Crossing back into the present.

Master of Two Worlds: Eckels realizing he changed the future, meaning he had an effect on both the Past and the Present.

Freedom to Live: Eckels doesn't have freedom to live because he dies.

Separation

Hero must leave their known world (safety, childhood, innocence)

Call to Adventure

Why the hero goes on their quest/journey; can be internal or external ex: Moana -> Sea calling to her, internal ex: Soul Surfer, girl gets bit by shark and needs to learn to surf again (external)

Refusal of Call

The hero feels the fear of the unknown and tries to turn away from the adventure. EX: Shrek doesn't want to help and wants to stay in swamp at first

Mentor/Supernatural Aid

A hero's guide and sometimes supernatural help. They give advice, sometimes talismans, and steps in when needed to help the hero. Hero's success not possible without them. Mentor ex: Moana's GrandmaSupernatural Aid ex: Glinda the Good Witch, water from Moana

Talisman

A symbolic item that is somehow useful to the hero. EX: Heart of Te Fiti from Moana

Companions

Side characters that follow the hero as they embark on the journey that help the hero in many ways. EX: Lois and Ray from the Princess and the Frog

Crossing the Threshold

When the hero leaves the known world and goes to the unknown. EX: Rapunzel leaving the tower to see northern lights

Threshold Guardians

Figures which guard the threshold and keep those who are not ready to pass through from advancing. EX: Rapunzel's guilt when leaving home

Initiation

Hero must prove themselves worthy of hero status, so they face a series of challenges or trials

Brother Battle

Hero has a physical or psychological fight with someone who is blood related or a onece-trusted friend; hero feels betrayed. EX: Repunzel thinks Flynn was using her for the crown; feels betrayed

Dragon Battle

Hero fights a dragon/bad guy; could be test of greed or ego; not the biggest fearEX: Coconuts and crab in Moana

Abduction/Side Journey

Sometimes the hero is kidnapped, or the victim is one of the hero's companions or loved ones and the hero must find the victim, getting sidetracked from original journey; can be one or the other ex: Moana getting Maui's hook back, ex: Dorothy getting taken by the witch

Belly of the Whale

Hero is forced to confront their greatest fear/greatest evil/darkest sorrow. They are usually swallowed by something bigger then himself, in a cave or under the water.EX: Finding Nemo, when Marlin is swallowed by a whale and is forced to let go of what happend in the past and move forward

Ritual Death/Dismemberment

In order to attain hero status, the hero must give up his/her past life or past goals ("death") or sacrifice some piece of him/herself ("dismemberment"). Not always literal, but usually is. (hero dies and comes back to life) EX: Nemo pretends to be dead to escape Darla

Sacred Marrige

Hero and another character form a deep bond/connection. Does not have to be actual marriage, but still spiritual.EX: Tiana and Naveen making gumbo together and dancing

Apotheosis

After the completion of some or all of his or her challenges, the hero is worshipped or idealized somehow; false happy ending; praise getting to head before challenges.EX: Simba in Hakuna Matata thinking he doesnt have to be king

Atonement with the Father

Hero makes peace in some way with the father, makes peace with the memory of the father, gains approval or love from the father, or literally rejoins the father or surpasses the father to become a leader. EX: Simba lets go of guilt with Mufasa

Meeting with the Goddess

A wise or magical woman gives guidance or advice to the hero. EX: Tiana meeting Mama Odie and learning how to break spell/dig deeper into what you want vs. what they need

Ultimate Boon

The solution to the problem that sent the hero on there journey or an actual treasure. The hero answers the call. EX: Tiana kissing Naveen (goal is to turn human again)

Return

hero (now worthy of that name) must return to where he came from and apply their new heroism to their old world

Crossing the Return Threshold

Retaining the wisdom gained on the quest, integrating that wisdom into a human life, and possibly sharing the wisdom with the rest of the world.

Refusal of Return

The hero is happy in the new world: he has found love, fame, happiness, or has lost all hope and does not want to return to the known world.

Rescue from Without

Someone else (or something else) saves the hero so he can cross the threshold back. EX: Dory leads Nemo to Marlin, helping go from the unkown (without his dad) to the known (with his dad)

Master of Two Worlds

Achieving a balance between the material and spiritual (the inner and outer world). EX: Moana coming back to island and teaching the village to travel

Freedom to Live

The hero is finally able to lead a normal life without having to return to the unknown world. EX: Tiana runs her resturant and marries Naveen

The Odyssey Works Cited

Homer. The Odyssey. translated by Robert Fagles, Penguin Books, 1997.

Odysseus

Son of Laertes and Anticleia, husband of Penelope and father of Telemachus, fought in Trojan war and is trying to get home . "cool tactican" "man of misery" "man of twists and turns"

Penelope

Odysseus' wife, Telemachus mom, suitors trying to marry her in her house but shes says she will make up her mind once she finishes making her loom (weaves and unweaves it at night)

Telemachus

Son of O and P, on a quest to find dad, trying to grow from boy to man

Laertes

Odysseus's father, who lives on a farm in Ithaca, teams up with O to kill suitors

Anticlea

O's dead mother he meets in land of the dead, died of heartbreak. "Daughter of the great heart Autolycus"

Zeus

Strongest and most powerful, Poseidon's brother, relevant in beginning, symbols are lightning bolt and eagle , "the thunderer", "who marshals the thunderheads" "king of the dark cloud"

Poseidon

God of the sea and earthquakes, brother of Zeus; father of Polyphemus; curses O after stabbing his eye, makes it so O would suffer long and hard before he made it home; causes waves that offset O's journey; turns Phaeacians ship into stone because they helped O, "god of the earthquake", "Earth-shaker"

Hermes

Messenger of the gods, tells Calypso to let O free from her island, "giant killer"

Athena

Guides T and O on their adventures, divine intercepts frequently to aid them. "awesome goddess" "bright-eyed goddess"

What are Athena's forms?

Mentor. Mentes, shipman's daughter, young girl, and Alcinous' herald

Euryclea

Odysseus's former nursemaid on Ithaca; helps P when she is worri she recognizes Odysseus by his scar.

Antinous

One of P's suitors who is the leader of suitor group and came up with idea to kill T; first to die when Odysseus returns.

Eurymacus

one of the 3 worst suitors. manipulative and deceitful.

Agamemnon

Brother of Menelaus, got wife stolen from him while away at war and killed when he goes home by Aegisthus