Chapter 16 honors Bio

Chapter 16 cell structure and function

Multicellular organisms contain organ systems. Which of the following BEST describes the organs in an organ system?

The organs in an organ system work together to perform a specific function.

The cells of all organisms contain DNA. In cells of which of the following groups is the cellular DNA enclosed in a nucleus?

eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, a number of organelles allow the cell to produce and distribute proteins. Where are proteins modified, sorted, and packaged?

Golgi apparatus

All cells contain cell membranes. Which of the following describes the composition of cell membranes?

Cell membranes are composed of lipid molecules, which provide a flexible structure.

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. How does the cell maintain homeostasis in this environment?

Water will move across the cell membrane in both directions because the concentrations of solute particles inside and outside the cell are the same.

A number of scientists made contributions to cell theory. Which scientist used a light microscope to observe cells in a slice of cork?

Robert Hooke

The human digestive system is comprised of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Which lists the parts from least complex to most complex?

muscle cell, muscle tissue, stomach

Red blood cells transport oxygen to every cell in the body. This oxygen is needed to release energy stored in glucose molecules. Red blood cells also transport carbon dioxide, a waste product produced by cells, back to the lungs where it is exhaled. When a person exercises, his or her muscle cells consume more oxygen and produce more carbon dioxide.

The body responds by increasing its breathing rate and heart rate to supply more oxygen rich blood to the muscles and carry away more wastes. Explain how this is an example of maintaining homeostasis.

This is an example of maintaining homeostasis because the body is trying to regulate the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in our body when we are active by increasing breathing rate for more oxygen and increasing heart rate for the proper circulation of blood so that we can receive enough energy to keep running or exercising.

Like animals, plants contain a hierarchical organization of interacting systems. Which of the following is an example of an organ in a plant?

leaf

Which organelles allow plants to support heavy structures such as leaves and flowers?

the vacuoles because they are filled with fluid, which provide rigidity

Which of the following structures are present in both plant and animal cells?

mitochondria

Microscopes can be used to explore cells. Which of the following types of microscopes can produce a three-dimensional image of the surface of a cell?

scanning electron microscope

Chlamydomonas is a genus of single-celled photosynthetic algae. Which of the following is NOT a way that chlamydomonas maintains homeostasis?

The reproductive system of chlamydomonas contains specialized cells that enable the organism to reproduce both sexually and asexually.

Kate and Sam are using a scanning electron microscope to study photosynthesis in algae. Which is a benefit of this type of microscope compared to a light microscope?

produces highly magnified images

Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory?

All cells are produced from existing cells.

Cite evidence provided in the introduction and in the diagram to describe the type of cell transport that transports sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane.

The type of transport that is occurring in the diagram above is active transport. It is active transport since we can see in the beginning of the process in the diagram it requires ATP, which means it requires energy and the other transports, diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion do not require energy. That is the biggest indicator to identify which transport is occurring. Also based on the text, it also states that sodium is pumped out of the cells and potassium is pumped in. It is transporting cell regardless of the concentration and for that to happen it needs energy.

White blood cells, called leukocytes, are very different in structure and function than red blood cells. White blood cells help fight infections, parasites, and bacteria. They do this by engulfing pathogens and synthesizing antibodies. Unlike red blood cells, white blood cells can reproduce.

Which organelles, if any, must be present in white blood cells?

White blood cells must have a rough endoplasmic reticulum so that large molecules, such as antibodies, can be synthesized.

Lysosomes are organelles that contain enzymes. Which of the following is a function of  lysosomes?

Lysosomes break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins.

Which describes active transport, but not passive transport?

requires cellular energy