Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Carbohydrates
Broken down to glucose to form energy.
CNS
Requires glucose to function.
Muscles
Rely on glucose for fuel in the form of glycogen.
Simple sugars
Monosaccharides and disaccharides.
Complex carbohydrates
Polysaccharides.
Total fiber
A type of carbohydrate that the body cannot digest.
Monosaccharides
Same chemical formula but look and are treated differently by the body.
Fructose
Sweet as honey on its own, found in honey and fruit.
High fructose corn syrup
Higher in sweetness than table sugar.
Disaccharides
One disaccharide must always be glucose.
Maltose
Alpha bond made of 2 glucose molecules, known as 'malt sugar'.
Sucrose
Alpha bond made up of glucose and fructose.
Lactose
Beta bond made of glucose and galactose; primary sugar in dairy.
Lactose intolerance
A lack of lactose enzymes.
Complex Carbohydrates
Polysaccharides (more than 2).
Diabetes
Blood glucose rises after eating carbs.
Insulin
Hormone produced by beta cells of pancreas to reduce blood glucose levels.
Glucagon
Hormone produced by pancreas to help increase blood glucose.
Type 1 diabetes
Immune system destroys beta cells in the pancreas that produce insulin.
Type 2 diabetes
Insulin resistance.
Gestational diabetes
Insulin resistance during pregnancy.
Functions of protein
Nearly half of body's protein found in muscle.
Phytochemicals
Non-nutritive substances found in plants that can damage cells.
Amino acids
Building blocks of proteins.
Essential vs Nonessential
Essential amino acids must be consumed; nonessential can be made by the body.
Complete proteins
Contains all essential amino acids.
Protein quality
Ability of proteins to support tissue construction varies depending on amino acid content.
Nitrogen balance
Balance between protein intake and protein excretion in the body.
Triglyceride
Found in 95% of the body.
Lipids
Organic compounds that are insoluble in water.
Benefits of lipids
Provide texture, flavor, and aroma to foods.
Saturated vs unsaturated fat
Saturated fat carbons are saturated by hydrogens; unsaturated have one or more double bonds.
Cis vs trans fat
Cis fat has hydrogens on the same side; trans fat has hydrogens across.
Cholesterol
An animal sterol found in cell membranes of animal cells.
High density lipoproteins
HDL particles transport cholesterol from cells to the liver.
glucose
most common monosaccharides
maltose
glucose + glucose
sucrose
glucose + fructose
lactose
glucose + galactose
