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What are the 3 situational factors affecting obedience?
Proximity
Location
Uniform
How did they change Proximity in Milgram’s follow up study?
If the learner was in the same room as the teacher giving the shocks.
If the teacher had to force the hand of the learner onto the electric shock plate.
If the experimenter gave the orders to the teacher over the telephone.
What were the effects of Proximity?
Teacher and learner were in the same room = obedience fell.
Teacher forced learners hand onto the plate = obedience fell.
When the orders were over the phone = obedience fell the most.
How did they change Location in Milgram’s follow up study?
If the study was carried out in a run-down office building.
What were the effects of Location?
Original study - Yale University = Many said they wouldn’t have shocked the learner if the study had been carried out elsewhere.
Follow up study - a run-down office in Bridgeport, Connecticut = Obedience rates dropped slightly, NOT SIGNIFICANT difference.
How did they change Uniform in Milgram’s follow up study?
Original study - Experimenter with lab coat.
Milgram follow up - lab coat replaced by ordinary clothes.
Obedience = 20%.
What were the effects of Uniform in Bushman’s study?
Police uniform - 72% Obedience
Business executive - 52%
Beggar - 48%
Evaluating Milgram’s Obedience research - weaknesses.
Biased sample
Ethical issues - lack of informed consent
Ethical issues - deception
Ethical issues - protection from harm
Ethical issues - right to withdraw
Lack of internal validity
