english final review

• vocab questions: Gilgamesh, Bible, Oedipus

Reread:

• Gilgamesh

• Hebrew Bible Flood Story

• Rig Veda

• Oedipus

• Rubaiyat - questions about text, text provided only on this

GRAMMAR

PARTS OF SPEECH

• noun - name person, place, thing, idea

• pronoun - take the place of a noun (it, I, they)

• adjective - modify nouns by limiting meanings

• verbs

  • linking - link subject to the word that identifies/modifies it (any form of to be)

  • action - express action or a state of being

• adverbs - modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs

• prepositions - show relationship between a noun and another word

• conjunctions - join single words or groups of words

• interjections - express emotion or exclamation

PARTS OF SENTENCE

• subject - noun/pronoun, tells us what the sentence is about

  • “She walked.”

  • empty subject: “There was no excuse.”

• predicate → simple predicate - verb/verb phrase, tells us what the subject does

  • “She walked.” action verb

  • “She was hungry.” linking verb

-action verbs

• direct object - noun/pronoun, after action verbs, answers what? whom?

  • “She walked the dog.” (what did she walk?)

• indirect object - noun/pronoun, always with direct object (after action verb), before DO, answers to what/whom? for whom?

  • “She read him a book.” (to whom did she read a book?)

• object complement - noun/pronoun/adj, always after direct object, identifies/describes DO

  • “She painted the room blue.”

-linking verbs → subject complements

• predicate nominative - noun/pronoun, follows linking verb, identifies subject

  • “I am a teacher.”

• predicate adjective - adjective, follows linking verb, describes subject

  • “I am tired.”

PHRASES: groups of words, interrelated, that complement each other

• Prepositional Phrases

  • always start with preposition

  • always end with a noun = object of preposition

  • act as adjectives or adverbs

  • “The phone (in my pocket) is black.”

• Participial Phrases

  • participle + modifiers or complements

  • can be present (-ing) or past (-ed, sometimes)

  • always act as adjectives

  • participles = verbal

• Gerund Phrases

  • gerund = verbal

    • end in -ing

  • always act as nouns

  • “[Skiing down a bunny hill] is my favorite sport.”

• Infinitive Phrases

  • infinitives = verbals

  • to (verb)

  • infinitive + modifier/complement

  • act as noun/adjective/adverb

  • “I like to ski.”