Protein Synthesis Review Guide

What process is nucleus involved in?

Transcription

How is the nucleus involved in Protein Synthesis?

Where is DNA is transcribed

What process is mRNA involved in?

both

How is mRNA involved in Protein Synthesis?

mRNA is produced from DNA in transcription. mRNA is then transcribed into amino acids

What process is the ribosome involved in?

translation

How is the ribosome involved in Protein Synthesis?

where mRNA is translated to amino acids

What process is tRNA involved in?

translation

How is tRNA involved in Protein Synthesis?

the link between mRNA and the chain of amino acids

How is DNA involved in Protein Synthesis?

The original code that is translated and transcribed

What process is the cytoplasm involved in?

Translation

How is the cytoplasm involved in Protein Synthesis?

where translation occurs

What is an intron?

DNA that codes for nothing

What is an exon?

DNA that contains important information

Do introns or exons exit the nucleus to move onto translation?

Exons

DNA traits

sugar = deoxyribose

phosphates present = yes

letters of nitrogen bases = A,T,C,G

complementary base pairs = A-T, C-G

number of strands = 2

RNA traits

sugar = ribose

phosphates present = yes

letters of nitrogen bases = A,U,C,G

complementary base pairs = A-U, C-G

number of strands = 1

What process is DNA involved in?

transcription

What is the difference between codons and anticodons?

Codon - 3 letter nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid

Anticodon - 3 letter nucleotide sequence on tRNA that binds to and “reads” a specific mRNA sequence

What is the role of mRNA during protein synthesis?

complements DNA, travels from nucleus to cytoplasm and directs synthesis of protein, !!!codes for amino acids!!!

What is the role of rRNA during protein synthesis?

binds with proteins to make ribosomes

What is the role of tRNA during protein synthesis?

transports amino acids that match the mRNA code to the ribosome

What is point mutation/substitution?

one letter gets switched (1 potential different amino acid)

What is insertion?

one letter gets added to the code, all amino acids after the mutation are changed

What is deletion?

one letter gets removed from the code, all amino acids after the mutation are changed