CH. 4 | Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

4 - 1 Compare the cell structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

What is the main feature that distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotes?

4 - 2 Identify the 3 basic shapes of bacteria.

How can you be able to identify streptococci with a microscope?

4 - 3 Describe the structure and function of the glycocalyx.

Why are bacterial capsules medically important?

4 - 4 Differentiate flagella, axial filaments, fimbriae, and pili.

How do bacteria move?

4 - 5 Compare and contrast the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, acid-fast bacteria, archaea, and mycoplasmas.

Why are drugs that target cell wall synthesis useful?

4 - 6 Compare and contrast archaea and mycoplasmas.

Why are mycoplasmas resistant to antibiotics that interfere with cell wall synthesis?

4 - 8 Describe the structure, chemistry, and functions of the prokaryotic plasma membrane.

What agents can cause injury to the bacterial plasma membrane?

4 - 9 Define simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport, and group translocation.

How are simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion similar? How are they different?

4 - 10 Identify the functions of the nucleoid and ribosomes.

Where is the DNA located in a prokaryotic cell?

4 - 11 Identify the functions of four inclusions.

What is the general function of inclusions?

4 - 12 Describe the functions of endospores, sporulation, and endospore germination.

Under what condition do endospores form?

4 - 13 Differentiate prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella.

4 - 14 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell walls and glycocalyxes.

4 - 15 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic plasma membranes.

4 - 16 Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cytoplasm.

Identify at least one significant difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic flagella and cilia, cell walls, plasma membranes, and cyotplasm.

4 - 17 Compare the structure and function of eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes.

The antibiotic erythromycin binds with the 5OS portion of a ribosome. What effect does this have on a prokaryotic cell? On a eukaryotic cell?

4 - 18 Define organelle.

Compare the structure of the nucleus of a eukaryote and the nucleoid of a prokaryote.

4 - 19 Describe the functions of the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and centrosomes.

How do rough and smooth ER compare structurally and functionally?

4 - 20 Discuss evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory of eukaryotic evolution.

Which 3 organelles are not associated with the Golgi complex? What does this suggest about their origin?