Spanish Reconquista and Inquisition

heresy

Someone who goes against established religious doctrine/laws

Inqusition

Investigations into people who did not properly follow Catholic teachings 

persecution

Unfair treatment of a specific group of people 

What are a few ways that the Catholic Church responded to them losing their power in Europe?

Reconquista of Spain and Portugal Spanish Inquisition

Witch hunts

What are some examples of how the Catholic Church fought to suppress heresy during the Spanish Inquisition?

Forced conversion to Catholic faith 

Put converts on trial 

Expulsion of Jews and Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula(Spain and Portugal)

What was the Spanish Reconquista? How did Christians change how they treated other religious believers over time?

The Reconquista was a series of wars that lead to the creation of Spain and Portugal

Overtime as the Reconquista expanded there is a decline in religious tolerance 

No Intermarriage

Restriction of Jobs for Muslims and Jews

Muslims and Jews are relocated to ghettos 

Conversions 

Expulsion from the Iberian Peninsula( Spain and Portugal)

Why was the time period before the Renaissance referred to as “The Dark Ages?”

Lack of cultural and scientific advancement 

Lack of trade and education

Feudalism

What does the term “Renaissance” mean? Where did it start in Southern Europe?

Renaissance= rebirth 

Rebirth of culture, science, education and learning 

Southern Europe: Florence 

Post fall of Constantinople by Ottomans leads to scholars leaving 

Lots of $ from trade 

Define Humanism. Explain how the focus of art, literature, science, etc all changed from the Dark Ages to the Renaissance?

Humanism: philosophy that emerges that places an emphasis on humans and their ability to achieve great things 

Question the old sciences

Renewed interest in art and the classics 

Push for education and vernacular languages

List a few ways art methods changed from the Dark Ages to the Renaissance.

More realistic, depth, perspective and natural light 

Less religious (Secular

What are the differences between Medieval and Renaissance architecture?

Gothic Style in Middle Ages

Sharp, pointed, large structures

Classics (Rome and Greece) for Renaissance

Arches, domes and columns 

Where did the Renaissance start in Northern Europe? What was the focus of Northern Renaissance art?

Northern Europe= Flanders 

Trade city with lots of $

Art

Realistic 

Bright colors

Landscapes and ordinary people 

What was arguably the most important invention of the Renaissance? How did productivity change with this invention?

Printing Press

Allows information and ideas to spread → books become cheaper and more people can read 

What were some of the reasons Martin Luther took issue with the Catholic Church? What did he famously do to express his grievances?

Upset with corrupt practices 

Indulgences: Pay to have sins forgiven 

He posts his 95 Theses on a church door 

His issues with the Church

Luther translates the Bible into vernacular (local languages)

For each of the scientists below write what each of them are credited for doing?

Nicholas Copernicus-He promotes heliocentric (sun centered universe)

Sir Francis Bacon- Scientific Method

Galileo Galilei- Used telescopes to observe planets → supported heliocentric theory 

Roman Inquisition→ house arrest and has to deny his discoveries 

What was the goal of the Enlightenment? What were they trying to change in society?

Goal= create political change and create better living conditions for average person 

LEADS TO REVOLUTIONS AND CHALLENGING OF ABSOLUTE MONARCHY

Who was the explorer sent by the Ming Dynasty? What were his main accomplishments?

Zheng He 

Goal: trade routes and tribute

Tribute: payments from other nations to Ming Dynasty

After the success of Zheng He, what were China and Japan’s policies towards other nations during this time period?

Welcome Europe at first then Both nations shift to isolationist policies

Wanted to limit trade and interactions with the world

What invention completely changed the tide of how wars would be fought in the future?

Gunpowder→ guns and cannons 

Nations formed with the use of Gunpowder= Gunpowder Empires 

Know geographic location of each empire → check GPE QUIZ PPT 

What was the Mughal Empire's policy towards other religions during this time period?

Descendants of Mongols 

They were an Islamic Empire 

Majority of the Rule they practiced religious tolerance 

Hindus, Sikhs can worship 

Removed non-Muslim tax

Allowed other to go to school, work in government 

Great Britain takes over Mughal empire 

Peter the Great’s ultimate goal was what? Why?

Peter was an Absolute Monarch 

He had complete control over the country 

Goal: westernize Russia and bring the renaissance  and scientific revolution

Add warm water sea ports

What was the most valuable good being traded during this time period in Europe and the Middle East?

Spices from East Asia 

Gold and Salt from Northern Africa→ Songhai  

Silver from the Americas 

Silk, tea from China 

What major European event happened in 1492? Was this the first time America had been seen by Europeans?

Columbus arrives in Americas

Where was Columbus trying to get to? Where did he actually land?

He was trying to get to the Spice Islands of S.E Asia 

Landed in the Caribbean. 

What were some of the reasons that Spanish Conquistadors were able to defeat the Aztecs even though the Aztecs had a larger army?

Guns

Germs(small pox)

Steel (swords and armor)

Horses

Define the Encomienda System and how it affected the Natives in the Americas.

Indigenous Americans were forced to work for Spain and pay $$

Mines, Plantations

Leads to a massive population decline 

Death via work 

Disease 

Lead to importation of enslaved people from Africa 

Spanish and Portuguese Colonies 

Status based on European descent 

Explain how the Triangular Trade worked.

Americas to Europe: Raw Materials & Natural Resources

Europe to Africa: Manufactured Goods 

Africa to Americas: Enslaved people 

Europe/ Colonist  

raw materials at low price 

Sell goods for high price 

Indigenous Population/Enslaved Africans 

Huge population decline 

Enslavement 

What was the Middle Passage?

Horrific journey from Africa to the Americas that enslaved people underwent 

~2 million perished on the journey

Define Mercantilism?

Goal is for an empire to have more exports than imports 

Leads to more gold and silver and more power 

Leads to colonization and imperialism around the world 

Who benefits from mercantilism? Who doesn’t? Why?

European Country benefits the most 

$, Land and resources 

Sell goods at high price 

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of plants, animals, disease from Eastern Hemisphere to Western hemisphere

ottomans

military and territorial expansion, and significant achievements in law, architecture, art, science, and medicine

Safavids

Art, religious hierarchy, military, and political unification of Iran. Economic strength, centralized power, and theocracy and divine right.