unit 6

What were the three factors that fueled American imperialism?

What were the three factors that fueled American imperialism?

1. God: Spreading Religion

2. Gold: Thirst for new markets/resources

3. Glory: Desire for military strength/bases

What were the three causes of the Spanish-American war?

1. Yellow Journalism \n 2. Economic - sugar resources \n 3. Cuban rebellion

Yellow Journalism

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

U.S.S. Maine

American war ship that was blown up in the harbor of Havana. More than 260 men died. This was the third cause of the Spanish-American war.

Rough Riders

A volunteer cavalry under the command of Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish American War.

Imperialism

Policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories.

Philippines

Sold to U.S. for the price of $20 million as a result of the Spanish American War (Treaty of Paris 1898) US promised to give it independence but did not until after WWII

Big Stick Diplomacy

_____________ refers to U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policy: "speak softly, and carry a big stick."

Cuba

Revolt by the citizens here lead to the Spanish American War. Island to the south of the U.S., and of great economic interest (sugar) to the U.S. economy.

Treaty of Paris of 1898

The treaty ending the Spanish-American War, in which Spain freed Cuba, turned over the islands of Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States, and sold the Philippines to the United States for $20 million.

Guam

A new territory gained by the U.S. after the Treaty of Paris, Became a key coaling station in the Pacific Ocean for ships traveling to/from the Philippines. Not a state.

Panama Canal

A ship canal in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean (via the Caribbean Sea) to the Pacific Ocean. Project spearheaded by president Theodore Roosevelt.

Puerto Rico

One of the territories gained by the U.S. as a result of the Treaty of Paris after the Spanish American War. Still a US territory.

Roosevelt Corollary

The __________ states that the United States will intervene in conflicts between European countries and Latin American countries because the United States is the protector of the Western Hemisphere.

Colombia

Panama was part of this country. When they denied construction of the canal, T Roosevelt armed Panamanian citizens who revolted and formed their own country.

Theodore Roosevelt

26th president of the U.S. He was famous for his "Big Stick Diplomacy" when it came to foreign affairs.

Hawaii

The US wanted to takeover this territory because it was the perfect stopping point on the way to Asia The US deposed the queen and annexed the island.

cut down travel time between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

the main reason US wanted to build the Panama Canal (1904-1914)

Spanish-American War

A conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, the result of American intervention in the Cuban War of Independence.

Alfred T. Mahan

wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History--encouraged the US to build steel ships and a canal through Panama

Colonialism

similar to imperialism except in this case, people from the stronger country actually move to the weaker country

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

His assassination was the spark that started World War I. Archduke Ferdinand, the Austrian crown prince, was murdered on June 28, 1914, by a Serbian nationalist while visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia. Germany urged Austria-Hungary to fight and they went to war against Serbia; all of this due to Serbia wanting to expand

Woodrow Wilson

President who was elected in 1912, and led the US into WWI. Later wrote a plan for post-WWI peace known as the Fourteen Points.

Austria-Hungary

This Central Power empire during WWI, started the war with their invasion of Serbia after the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand on June 28, 1914 . It was made up of Austria, Hungary and several other nations and territories. After World War I it split up into several nations.

U-boats

This new machinery used by the Germans in sea warfare, to attack British and American supply ships in the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

Nationalism

This cause of World War I was based on an intense pride in one's nation.

Allied Powers

This alliance during WWI included the United States, Great Britain, France, Russia and Italy (switched to the Allied Powers in 1915). (The blue countries of the East and West on map above)

Wilson's Fourteen Points

This is the plan for post-World War I outlined by President Wilson in 1918. This plan called for self-determination (countries in Africa and Asia govern themselves), freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations.

Zimmerman Telegram

This intercepted note from the German foreign minister to the Mexican government offered, territories in Texas, Arizona and New Mexico for Mexico. The note also confirmed the new policy of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany against the Allied Powers. This helped turn Americans against Germany in WWI.

Lusitania

This British passenger ship was sunk by German U-boats in 1915, carrying civilians and ammunition to Britain from the U.S. The event turned American opinion against Germany.

Trench Warfare

This style of warfare was common in WWI, due to the invention of the machine gun and heavy artillery. It included digging long trenches, separated by barbed wire and a no mans land.

Armistice, 1918

This was the agreement between the Allies and Central Powers that ended the fighting after WWI. It began at 11/11/1918 at 11:11 am. This marked a victory for the Allies and stated that the Central Powers lost. Germans would later look at this as "the stab in the back."

Reparations

This term refers to the payments and transfers of property that Germany was required to make under the treaty of Versailles.

League of Nations

This intergovernmental organization lasted from 1919-1946, was founded after the Paris Peace Conference. It did not work effectively to prevent WWII.

Imperialism

This cause of World War II resulted from the competition among European nations for colonies in Africa and Asia from 1880-1914. This created tension, especially between Germany and Great Britain.

Alliances

This was a major cause of WWI. Two major alliances formed the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria, Italy) and the Triple Entente (France, England, Russia). This alliance system made world war likely, by drawing all countries into a small war.

Triple Alliance

This alliance was made Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI.

Triple Entente

This alliance between Great Britain, France and Russia in the years before WWI.

Central Powers

This was a major alliance at the 'center' of Europe during World War I, made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire. It was formerly known as the Triple Alliance before the war.

Allied Powers

This was a major alliance during World War I made up of Britain, France, Russia, and the United States. It was know n as the Triple Entente(a French word) before the war.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters, ended the Sussex Pledge

Militarism

This cause of World War I was a policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war.

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty which ended World War I that included large reparations from Germany, the formation of the League of Nations, and the mandate system.

War to end all wars

the idea that WWI would, with all its destruction & devastation, end warfare

Selective Service Act

Law passed by Congress in 1917 that required men to register for the military draft

War Industries Board (WIB)

created by Wilson to oversee the production and distribution of goods made by the country's war industries

pacifist

one who is against war or the use of violence

Great Migration

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

National War Labor Board

A board that negotiated labor disputes and gave workers what they wanted to prevent strikes that would disrupt the war; lead to 8 hour workday, better pay

Armistice

Agreement to stop fighting; Reached on Nov 11, 1918 at 11:00

Vladimir Lenin

Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924).

Committee on Public Information

It was headed by George Creel. The purpose of this committee was to mobilize people's minds for war, both in America and abroad. Tried to get the entire U.S. public to support U.S. involvement in WWI. Creel's organization, employed some 150,000 workers at home and oversees. He proved that words were indeed weapons.

Sussex Pledge

A promise Germany made to America, after Wilson threatened to sever ties, to stop sinking their ships without warning.

Espionage and Sedition Acts

two laws, enacted in 1917 and 1918, that imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against U.S. participation in WWI