Chapter 26

space, phsc

The Nebula Theory states that the sun and planets were formed together by a cloud of ___ and ___ , called a nebula.

gas

dust

In space, if a cloud is pulled inwards, what is the spin fast or slow?

fast

Inner Planets

• Composition:

• Other name:

rocky, small, dense

Terrestrial planets

Outer Planets

• Composition:

• Other name:

gaseous, large, rings

Jovian Planet

Mars and Earth are similar why?

they both have moons 2,1

In Synene (Egypt), the sun was directly overhead and allowed ____ to calculate Earth's circumference.

Eratosthenes

Earth spins on a daily axis, and it revolves around the sun, and the Moon orbits the Earth. Who came up with this idea?

Aristarchus

The sun was formed 5 billion years ago from ____ in its interior.

thermonuclear fusion

Describe Thermalnuclear Fusion

hydrogen and helium fuse together, producing light and heat

which layer is the visible layer of the sun, made of plasma

photosphere

Sunspots (Photosphere)

cool, darker regions on sun, created by strong magnetic fields

made of plasma, above photosphere, eclipse seen as pink border

Chromosphere

outermost region, highest temp PLASMA, solar winds

Corona

Solar winds

hurricane of protons and electrons that have escaped the sun’s atmosphere into space

What powers and produces comet tails?

solar winds

T/F - Solar winds power the sun

F, thermonuclear fusion

T/F - The Sun spins on different rates at different latitudes.

T, equator 25 days, above 36 days

• Closest to Earth

• 88 days = 1 Earth year

• Long days and night

• Little atmosphere, reason for cold

Mercury

Mercury is the closest to the Sun, meaning what?

fastest orbit

The Earth’s Moon and Mercury both have low gravity, why?

low mass

• Very similar to Earth

• Dense atmosphere, 95% greenhouse effect

• Rotation opposite to Earth, no moon.

Venus

Venus has lots of CO2 gas. What does that mean for temperatures?

trap lots of heat

What planet am I?

• Densest planet

• Only planet with liquid water

Earth

Earth’s rotation (spinning) rate effects what

day and night

Earth’s magnetic field protects from

solar winds

• Half the size of Earth

  • 1/9 mass size of Earth

• 2 year = 1 Earth year

• Axis tilt perpendicular, contains ice caps, mainly CO2

Mars

why does mars experience martian winds?

10x stronger than our winds!

due to temperature differences across the planet and the way sunlight heats the surface

Mercury and Mars are both inner planets. What is another way they are similar?

Thin atmosphere

Phobos and Deimos are moons of what planet?

Mars

• Great red spot

• Largest planet

• 11x diameter of Earth

Jupiter

Io (most volcanic activity in space)

Europia (size of our moon)

Ganymede (largest moon)

Callisto (size of Mercury)

Are all moons of what planet?

Jupiter

• Easily seen rings

  • 10x diameter of Earth

• 2x as far from Earth than Jupiter

• Largest moon is Titan

Saturn

This planet has the lowest density and could float in a bathtub (if big enough).

Saturn

• 98 degree tilt, odd…

  • Rotate clockwise

• Diameter 4x of Earth

• Methane = blue color

• Very cold and faint rings

Uranus

• Diameter 4x of Earth, little smaller than Uranus

• Atmosphere: hydrogen and helium

Neptune

The blue color of Neptune comes from what?

Methane

The Moon revolves around Earth every

a) 365 days

b) 24 hours

c) 29.5 days

d) 27 days

d - not complete cycle

What term explains why the same side of the Moon is shown to Earth?

Synchronous rotation

Synchronous rotation

attraction between the sun and the moon

AKA tidal locking, where the Moon's rotation and orbit around Earth are synchronized due to gravitational forces.

gravity lock

Moon Phases: write them down

New, Waxing Cres, 1st Q, Wax Gib, Full, Wan Gib, 3rd Q, Wan Cres

When the 🌞 🌎 moon, what eclipse is occurring?

Lunar Eclipse

Full Moon

When the moon is between the Sun and the Earth, what eclipse is occuring?

Solar Eclipse

New Moon

T/F - A lunar eclipse precedes a Solar eclipse by ~ 2 weeks.

T

When orbit planes intersect, what occurs?

a) Earthquake

b) Meteor strike

c) Eclipse

c

small rocky bodies that orbit teh sun, located in Mars and Jupiter

Asteroids

pieces of debris chipped off asteroids (small mostly)

Meteoroids

strikes Earth’s atmosphere due to friction, sometimes, often called shooting star

Meteor

A meteoroid that survives and strikes Earth’s surface

— Barringer Crater, AZ

Meteorite

Often called “dirty snowball” due to water, methane, and ice mixture.

Located in Oort Cloud and Kupier Belt

Elliptical Orbit (in a circle)

Comet

Solar winds cause the tails of __ to be swept outwards. (Haley’s)

Comet

T/F - The Oort cloud has a strong magnetic field producing an icy shell thought to be remnants of our solar system.

F, no magnetic field

The Moon rotates once every orbit around Earth—about 27.3 days. This is an example of

a) synchronous rotation

b) gravity lock

a

its about the situation not the how/why