1.1: sub-cellular structures

Sub-cellular structures in plant cells

Nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts, mitochondria, vacuole, ribosomes

Sub-cellular structures in animal cells

Nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes

Sub-cellular structures in bacteria

Chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes, flagella

What is the function of the nucleus?

It controls the activities of the cell

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Contols and enables the movement of substances in and out of the cell

What is the function of a cell wall?

Strengthens and supports the cell, is made from cellulose

What is the function of mitochondria?

Releases energy from food by respiration

What is the function of ribosomes?

Where proteins are made

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy to make food

What is the function of a (large permanent) vacuole?

Contains cell sap for storage and support

What is the function of chromosomal DNA?

It is a self replicating genetic element

What is the function of plasmid DNA?

Carry genes for replicating DNA

What is the function of the flagella?

Allows the cell to move through fluid (as it is a tail)

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A cell with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A cell which lacks membrane bound organelles (thought to be the first life forms on Earth)

Examples of eukaryotic cells

Plant cells, animal cells

Examples of prokaryotic cells

Bacteria cells

What are the differences between plant and animal cells?

Large permanent vacuoles, chloroplasts

What are the similarities between plant and animal cells?

Cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus, ribosome, mitochondria

How were eukaryotic cells formed?

They evolved from prokaryotic cells

What is the average size of a plant cell?

10-100 micrometres (0.01-0.1mm)

What is the average size of an animal cell?

10-30 micrometres (0.01-0.03mm)

What is the average size of a prokaryotic cell?

0.2-2 micrometres

How is the DNA arranged in a prokaryotic cell?

The genetic material is in a large DNA circle free from a nucleus, floating in the cytoplasm