Ch. 4 Muscular System

Kinesiology

Study of human movement and the mechanics of body

Fasci/o

cover, support, and separate muscles

Tend/o

attaches muscle to bone

My/o

muscle

Bi-

two

Tri-

three

Abduction

Movement away from the midline

Adduction

Movement toward the midline

Adhesion

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

Ataxia

Lack of muscle coordination

Atrophy

Wasting away or decrease in muscle size

Bradykinesia

slow movement

Carpal tunnel syndrome

tendons going through the wrist become chronically swollen and inflamed, putting pressure on the median nerve

Contracture

Permanent tightening/shortening of a muscle or joint

Dorsiflexion

Bending of the foot upward at the ankle

Electromyography

Recording of the electrical activity of muscles

Ergonomics

Study of designing and operating tools and the work environment

Fibromyalgia

Chronic condition characterized by fatigue, widespread pain and a wide range of other symptoms

Hemiparesis

Weakness or slight paralysis on one side of the body

Hemiplegia

Total paralysis on one side of the body

Hyperkinesia

Abnormally excessive movement or activity

Hypertonia

Increased muscle tone or tension

Hypokinesia

Decreased or diminished movement

Hypotonia

Decreased or diminished muscle tone or tension

Impingement syndrome

Inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint.

Muscular dystrophy

progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement

Myalgia

Muscle pain or tenderness

Myasthenia

Muscle weakness and lack of strength

Myocele

Protrusion or hernia of muscle through its fascial covering

Myotonia

muscle tone/tension

Paraplegia

Paralysis of both legs and the lower half of the body

Polymyositis

Inflammation and weakness of multiple voluntary muscles

Pronation

Rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downward

Quadriplegia

paralysis of all four extremities

Rectus

Straight muscle

Singultus

Hiccups, myoclonus of the diaphragm

Sphincter

ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

Supination

Rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces upward

Tardive Dyskinesia

Distortion or impairment of voluntary movements; tic or spasm

anticholinergic

medication administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder

atropine

antispasmodic medication that can be administered preoperatively to relax smooth muscles during surgery

Myoclonus

the sudden, involuntary jerking/twitching of a muscle or group of muscles

Myofascial

pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia

Myolysis

muscle tissue destruction or degeneration

Myoparesis

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

Myotonia

muscle tone/tension

kinesi/o

movement

-cele

hernia, swelling

-ia

condition of

ton/o

tone, tension

-rrhexis

rupture

tax/o

coordination, order

-ic

pertaining to

-lysis

separation; destruction; loosening

-plegia

paralysis

Achilles tendinitis

a painful inflammation of the Achilles tendon on heel caused by excessive stress being placed on that tendon

atonic

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

cardioplegia

paralysis of heart muscle

circumduction

the circular movement at the far end of a limb

epicondylitis

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

myectomy

surgical removal of muscle

oblique

slanted or at an angle

Spasmodic Torticollis

a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side