prosodic features
pitch
The level at which a sound is produced on a scale from ‘low’ to ‘high,’ reflecting the frequency of vibration of the vocal folds
stress
the use of extra respiratory energy during the production of a syllable giving its articulation an extra degree of force
volume
the amount of sound produced from soft to loud
tempo
the speech at which an utterance is produced from slow to fast
intonation
vocal effects
coughs
laughter
breath
sounds in connected speech and connected speech processes
assimilation
vowel reduction
elision
insertion
features of Broad accents in Australian English
features of Cultivated accents in Australian English
features of General accents in Australian English
phonological patterning in texts
alliteration
assonance
consonance
onomatopoeia
rhythm
rhyme
word classes
nouns
verbs
auxiliary verbs
modal verbs
adjectives
adverbs
prepositions
pronouns
conjunctions
determiners
interjections
function words
content words
affixation
prefix
suffix
infix
inflection
derivation
root morphemes
bound morphemes
free morphemes
suffixation in Australian English
word loss
word-formation processes
blends
acronyms
initialisms
shortenings
compounding
contractions
collocations
neologisms
borrowing
commonisation
archaism
morphological patterning
conversion of word class
creative word formation
lexical choice and patterning.
phrases
clauses
sentences
sentence structures
sentence fragments
simple
compound
complex
compound-complex sentences
ellipses
nominalisation
coordination
subordination
sentence types and their communicative function in texts
declarative
imperative
interrogative
exclamative
basic functions in clause structure
subject
object
complement
adverbial
active voice
passive voice
agentless passive
with agent passive
syntactic patterning in texts
antithesis
listing
parallelism.
code-switching
the practice of alternating between two or more languages or dialects in conversation
factors that contribute to a text’s coherence
cohesion