units 3/4 metalanguage

prosodic features

pitch

The level at which a sound is produced on a scale from ‘low’ to ‘high,’ reflecting the frequency of vibration of the vocal folds

stress

the use of extra respiratory energy during the production of a syllable giving its articulation an extra degree of force

volume

the amount of sound produced from soft to loud

tempo

the speech at which an utterance is produced from slow to fast

intonation

vocal effects

coughs

laughter

breath

sounds in connected speech and connected speech processes

assimilation

vowel reduction

elision

insertion

features of Broad accents in Australian English

features of Cultivated accents in Australian English

features of General accents in Australian English

phonological patterning in texts

alliteration

assonance

consonance

onomatopoeia

rhythm

rhyme

word classes

nouns

verbs

auxiliary verbs

modal verbs

adjectives

adverbs

prepositions

pronouns

conjunctions

determiners

interjections

function words

content words

affixation

prefix

suffix

infix

inflection

derivation

root morphemes

bound morphemes

free morphemes

suffixation in Australian English

word loss

word-formation processes

blends

acronyms

initialisms

shortenings

compounding

contractions

collocations

neologisms

borrowing

commonisation

archaism

morphological patterning

conversion of word class

creative word formation

lexical choice and patterning.

phrases

clauses

sentences

sentence structures

sentence fragments

simple

compound

complex

compound-complex sentences

ellipses

nominalisation

coordination

subordination

sentence types and their communicative function in texts

declarative

imperative

interrogative

exclamative

basic functions in clause structure

subject

object

complement

adverbial

active voice

passive voice

agentless passive

with agent passive

syntactic patterning in texts

antithesis

listing

parallelism.

code-switching

the practice of alternating between two or more languages or dialects in conversation

factors that contribute to a text’s coherence

cohesion