AP Psychology Quiz 1 study guide

Hindsight Bias

Hindsight Bias

The belief that we predicted an event after it has occurred, making outcomes seem obvious in retrospect.

Confirmation Bias

The tendency to favor information that confirms pre-existing beliefs while discounting contradictory evidence.

Overconfidence Bias

The overestimation of the accuracy of one's knowledge and judgments.

Cognitive Perspective

Focuses on how individuals process information and think, often involving memory and thought patterns.

Behavioral Perspective

Examines how behavior is influenced by rewards and punishments in response to situations.

Evolutionary Perspective

Studies behaviors that enhance survival and reproduction, passed down through generations.

Biological/Neuroscience Perspective

Investigates how biological structures, like the brain and neurotransmitters, influence behavior and mental processes.

Socio-Cultural Perspective

Explores how environmental factors and cultural background shape human behavior.

Humanistic Perspective

Emphasizes self-actualization and positive psychology, focusing on personal growth and self-worth.

Psychoanalytical Perspective

Examines unconscious motivations and repressed memories that influence behavior.

Cell Phone Addiction

A behavioral issue where an individual feels compelled to check their phone frequently, often driven by dopamine release.

Vaping

A behavior influenced by socio-cultural factors, where individuals may engage in vaping to fit in with peers.

Test Anxiety

A psychological response where an individual feels extreme nervousness during tests, affecting performance.

Skipping Class

A behavior influenced by peer actions, leading to feelings of overwhelm despite negative consequences.

Empathy

The ability to understand and consider others' perspectives and feelings.

Operational Definition

A clear specification of how a concept is measured or manipulated in research, crucial for precise measurement and replication.