*****Anatomy of the Skeleton

skull

consists of bones of the head

cranial bones

surround the brain

frontal bone

bone at the front of the skull

parietal bone

bone at the top of the skull

occipital bone

bone of the back of the skull

temporal bone

skull bone beside the ear

sphenoid bone

skull bone anterior to the temporal bone

ethmoid bone

skull bone that is closer to the midline, posterior to the nose, and inferior to the frontal bone

facial bones

form the structure of the face

nasal bone

bone that forms the bridge of the nose

zygomatic bones

on either side, they form the cheekbones

mandible

jaw bone; connects to the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

temporomandibular joint

the point where the mandible connects to the temporal bone

spine is made up of:

• 7 cervical vertebrae (in neck)

• 12 thoracic vertebrae (in thorax)

• 5 lumbar vertebrae

• the sacrum

• the coccyx

c1 is also called

atlas

c2 is also called

axis

__ cervical vertebrae

7

__ thoracic vertebrae

12

__ lumbar vertebrae

5

clavicle

(i.e. collarbone) at the top of the thorax, is the bone that lies horizontally between the sternum and the shoulder at the front

scapula

(i.e. shoulder blade) flat, triangular-shaped bone at the back

humerus

name for the bone of the upper arm

glenoid fossa

the concave area on the scapula

shoulder’s glenohumeral joint

the joint formed by the meeting of the (1) head of the humerus and (2) glenoid fossa

elbow joint

where the radius and ulna bones connect to the humerus

__ carpal bones

8

carpal bones

where the radius and ulnar connect at the wrist

metacarpals

• the 5 bones that the carpal bones connect to, numbered 1-5 (from the thumb to the little finger)

  • 1st metacarpal is at the base of the thumb

  • 5th metacarpal is at the base of the little finger

phalanges

• each finger (except the thumb) has a proximal phalanx, middle phalanx, and distal phalanx

  • the thumb only has a proximal phalanx and distal phalanx

joints from the base to the tip of each finger

• metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPs), proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP), and distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)

  • at the base of the thumb is the carpometacarpal joint (CMC)

manubrium

top part of the sternum

clavicle attaches to

the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint

body

the manubrium attaches to the body of the sternum at the sternal angle

sternal angle

where the manubrium attaches to the body of the sternum

xiphoid process

small bone at the end of the sternum

__ ribs

12, one for each thoracic vertebrae

costal cartilages

what connect the ribs to the sternum

floating ribs

the 11th and 12th ribs that don’t connect to the costal cartilage or sternum

pelvis

compromised of 3 main bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis

sacrum

at the base of the spine, and attaches to the ilium at the sacroiliac joint

pubis bone

on either side of the front of the pelvis, the bones join in the center at the pubic symphysis

pubic symphysis

where the pubic bones join in the center

ischium

bones inferior to the pubis bones and pubic symphysis

femur

• longest bone in the body, the thigh bone

• joins the tibia and fibula of the lower leg to form the knee joint

head of femur

connects with the acetabulum (socket) of the pelvis to form the hip joint

hip joint

formed by the joining of the head of the femur with the acetabulum (socket) of the pelvis

knee joint

formed by the joining of the femur with the tibia and fibular of the lower leg

tibia

medial lower leg bone, closer to the midline

fibula

lateral lower leg bone, on the outer aspect

patella bone

at the front of the knee joint, i.e. the kneecap

tarsal bones

• met by the tibia and fibula at the ankle joint

• 7 of them

  • talus

  • calcaneus

  • cuboid

  • navicular

  • 3 cuneiform

__ tarsal bones

7

talus

the bone that joins with the tibia and fibular at the ankle joint

metatarsals

• bones distal to the tarsal bones

• numbered 1-5, with the 1st metatarsal joining the big toe and the 5th metatarsal joining the little toe

phalanges

• bones distal to the metatarsals

• proximal, middle, and distal, except for the big toe which only has the proximal and distal phalanx

big toe phalanges

proximal and distal phalanx

maxilla

bone that connects the nose, cheekbones, and upper teeth

C7 connects to __

the first thoracic vertebra, T1

spine, top to bottom

c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8, t9, t10, t11, t12, l1, l2, l3, l4, l5, sacrum, coccyx