Crim Justice Quiz

What is intelligence in the context of police work?

Intelligence refers to useful information that police gather for investigations, including data from witnesses, suspects, and informants.

What factor increases the likelihood of an arrest in serious crimes according to studies?

The presence of a witness who can provide information to the police.

What is the purpose of the two-pronged test established in Aguilar v. Texas (1964)?

To determine the probable cause based on informant information by clarifying the source and reliability of that information.

In the case of U.S. v. Harris (1971), what exception was recognized to the Aguilar test?

Informant information can establish probable cause when the informant's information also implicates them in a crime, thus suggesting credibility.

What was the outcome of Illinois v. Gates (1983)?

The Court adopted a totality-of-circumstances approach to determine probable cause without strictly adhering to informant credibility.

What did the Supreme Court rule in Alabama v. White (1990) regarding anonymous tips?

An anonymous tip could form the basis for an investigatory stop if it accurately predicted a suspect's future behavior.

What landmark decision addressed the legality of police interrogation techniques?

Miranda v. Arizona (1966), which established the need for suspects to be warned of their rights before interrogation.

What are the principals behind the Miranda warnings?

Suspects must be informed of their right to remain silent, that anything said can be used against them, and their right to an attorney.

What is the significance of the ruling in Brown v. Mississippi (1936) regarding interrogation?

The case established that coercive interrogation methods, such as physical violence, violate constitutional principles.

What does inherent coercion refer to in police interrogation?

The use of psychological pressure that does not involve physical abuse but causes a suspect to provide information under duress.

What did the Supreme Court hold in Leyra v. Denno (1954)?

The use of psychological manipulation to elicit confessions is prohibited.

What does the public-safety exception to Miranda entail?

Allows police to interrogate a suspect without reading them their rights if there is an immediate threat to public safety.

What was established by the case of Nix v. Williams (1984)?

The inevitable-discovery exception to Miranda, where evidence can be used if it would have been found in due course regardless of improper gathering.

What did the case of Berghuis v. Thompkins (2010) determine about invoking the right to silence?

A suspect must unambiguously assert the right to remain silent for police to stop questioning.

What is the consequence of failing to invoke Miranda rights according to Salinas v. Texas (2013)?

An offender's silence can be used against them in trial if they did not expressly invoke their right against self-incrimination.

How does the Supreme Court view the wording of Miranda rights according to Powell v. Florida (2010)?

The wording is not fixed; as long as suspects are reasonably informed of their rights, the specific language can vary.

What case determined that a confession cannot be considered coerced simply because of a suspect's mental condition?

Colorado v. Connelly (1986), which stated no coercive government conduct was involved.

What is the main purpose of recording police interrogations as seen in Illinois's law?

To reduce false confessions and ensure accurate and fair treatment during interrogations.

In the context of police work, what does the term 'informant' refer to?

A person providing information to the police, often about criminal activity, which can complicate ethical considerations.

What was the outcome of the Michigan v. Jackson (1986) ruling?

The Court forbade police from initiating interrogation of defendants who have invoked their right to counsel.