World History Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts from World History lecture notes, designed in a fill-in-the-blank style to aid exam preparation.

The Song Dynasty in China maintained its rule through Neo-Confucian principles, Buddhism, and a system of __.

Civil Service Exams

In South and Southeast Asia, societies continued to be influenced by Hinduism, Buddhism, and __.

Islam

Mainland Southeast Asia was dominated by the Khmer Empire, which had its capital at the Hindu-turned-Buddhist temple complex __.

Angkor Wat

As the Abbasid Caliphate began to decline, new Muslim powers expanded Islamic influence by means of military excursion, trade, and __.

Missionary Work

Medieval Muslim states within Dar al-Islam fostered intellectual activity such as advances in mathematics and medicine and the preservation of __ from classical antiquity.

Greek Learning

In Europe, decentralized political organization, known as __ led to distinct social and economic hierarchies.

Feudalism

In North America, the Mississippian cultures exhibited great regional variation; most tribes were __.

hunter-gatherers

The Aztec in Mexico thrived in large city-states such as its capital, __ , which had impressive architectural monuments and networks of trade.

Tenochtitlan

In the Andes mountains of South America, the __ developed a united monarchy and a powerful military.

Inca

The wealthy Mali produced leaders such as Mansa Musa who built mosques and a library at __ .

Timbuktu

After 1200, improvements in business practices benefited merchants, such as the use of credit and __ , facilitated new markets for luxury goods.

Caravanserai

The Mongols, through conquest, developed an enormous land-based empire that was split into administrative regions called __.

Khanates

The expansive Mongol empire incorporated many conquered territories, making trade relatively easy and safe during the __.

Pax Mongolica

After 1200, new trading cities, such as Gujarat and the Sultanate of __ became powerful centers of commerce in the Indian Ocean.

Malacca

Innovations in technology, for example, the astrolabe and __ , enabled travelers to more easily navigate maritime routes.

Lateen Sails

Innovations in __ technology made long-distance journeys much easier along trans-Saharan trade routes.

Camel Saddle

In Europe, the Protestant Reformation was initiated in part through the actions of German monk __.

Martin Luther

In South Asia, the intermingling of Hindu and Muslim cultures led to the emergence of a new syncretic religion, __.

Sikhism

Using the new ship type caravel, Portuguese mariners such as Prince Henry the Navigator and Bartolomeu Dias sailed south along the coast of __.

West Africa

The increase of travel facilitated __ of staple crops bananas and rice to new regions.

the diffusion

In the Americas, coerced labor took the form of __ and hacienda systems.

encomienda

__ was an ideology European states used to establish colonies to generate wealth.

Mercantilism

Pueblo Revolts and __ were examples of indigenous resistance to state power.

King Philip's War

Reform movements arose that pushed for __ , the abolition of slavery, and the expansion of suffrage.

democracy

Governments used people’s sense of unity surrounding religion, language, and social customs to promote __ ideologies.

nationalist

The development of the __ and more sophisticated systems of banking led to the Industrial Revolution.

factory system

In Western Europe, the ideas of __ prompted a move away from mercantilist policies in favor of free trade and capitalism.

Adam Smith

Social Darwinists believed that the concept of __ applied to societal organization and politics.

survival of the fittest

Around the globe, anti-imperialist and anti-colonial movements formed; one example of this is the __ religious movement in North America, designed to drive away white settlers.

Ghost Dance

The League of Nations parceled out Germany’s former colonies to __ without regards to the will of the colonized people.

Great Britain and France

Aldof Hitler rose to power in Germany, appealing to __.

nationalism

The Cold War created sharp divisions between __ and communist nations.

capitalist

During the Cold War, non-superpower nations were forced to grapple with questions of what it meant to be either __ or capitalist.

communist

Nelson Mandela used a nonviolent model to help South Africa address the obligations it faced as a newly independent nation and the challenges of grappling with its __ past.

colonial