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Historical Upland Management =
Control of Processes
Singular focus of upland management
Causes a loss of diversity in species, community, and ecosystem
The viewpoints are changing away from
anthropocentric resourcism towards a sustainable view that requires plans for long term, understanding resource are exhaustible, and technology cannot continue to extend limits
What are the two primary approaches for wildlife management
Direct by manipulating animal/population or indirect by habitat manipulation that has to be intentional
What is ancillary indirect management
improvements resulting from another primary land use process
What are the two main philosophies for management for biodiversity
Protection or intervention
Traditionally what is viewed as two ends of the management spectrum
Featured Species (max individuals) vs Species Richness (max species)
Managing for high population
benefits other species too
Management for “rare” habitat
benefits others with similar needs
management for richness (emphasis on max edge)
means high richness/many species
How does managing for edge species affect interior species
they will suffer
What is an indicator species
A species that occupies the same area and indicates the quality of habitat at a certain stage or particular component
Indicator species can be
Stenotopic, a biodiversity indicator, or a monitoring tool
Area sensitivity refers to
species with a patch-size requirement and generally refers to large species, ones that have migration or seasonal movements, or small species with specific habitat requirements
Keystone species
Not always the most common species but ones that are vital to system integrity and loss of them starts a cascade of additional losses
What are flagship species
charismatic megafauna with high publicity value
What are umbrella species
species with large habitat spatial needs which means habitat for lesser or unknown species are protected with them
What things should management goals consider
edge vs interior species, fragmentation, home ranges, and minimum viable populaitons
what is the minimum viable population
the minimum number of individuals needed for their reproductive strategy and maintain genetic diversity
edge vs interior species is actually an issue of
fragmentation and relates to the size of the species involved
Successional stages vary by
habitat type and geography
What is the four-stage process of forest succession?
Bare ground/Stand initiation → Stem exclusion → Understory re-initiation → Old growth
to manage for interior species you need
large intact forest stands with uniformity or fewer successional stages
to manage for exterior species you need
max fragmentation to increase edge and have diversity or multiple successional stages
What is the difference between fragmentation and patches
fragmented means an unnaturally segmented area of previously intact area, patchy means natural gradation of successional stages across a given area
What are the methods/processes of fragmentation
Regressive, enveloping, divisive, intrusive, and encroaching fragmentation
How does fragmentation work
it causes loss or insularization from the exclusion of remaining patches, decreased patch size, and increasing risk of isolated populations
what are the two styles of fragmentation
hard or soft fragmentation
when do patches have no interior
ones less than 100 ha or 250 acres
The edge effect continues into the patch at
generally 2-3 tree heights into patch
Note
Flashcard