All CHE MCQs

Receptor mediated endocytosis is the process of accepting substances after recognizing them and linking them to their specific membrane receptors.

a. yes

b. no

a. yes

The clathrin protein participates in the coated vesicles.

a. yes

b. no

a. yes

Exocytosis is the process of releasing secretory granules through the cell membrane.

a. yes

b. no

a. yes

Glycocalix is a glycoprotein coat located on top of the plasmalemma and attached to it.

a. yes

b. no

a. yes

Cytoplasmic inclusions are obligatory (general) cell organelles.

a. yes

b. no

b. no

Cell matrix (cytosol) is a light microscopy concept designated to the part of the cytoplasm that is not occupied by any structures.

a. yes

b. no

b. no

Mitochondria observed under light microscope appear as tender granules or filaments.

a. yes

b. no

a. yes

Nissl bodies (substance) are a light microscopic image of the rough (granular) endoplasmic reticulum.

a. yes

b. no

a. yes

Each cilium is built of microtubules following the 9x3+0 formula

a. yes

b. no

b. no

The coated vesicles participate in the intracellular transport processes.

a. yes

b. no

a. yes

Golgi apparatus can be observed only by light microscope.

a. yes

b. no

b. no

Euchromatin is the active form of the chromatin in the nucleus.

a. yes

b. no

a. yes

Microtubules are elements of the cytoskeleton.

a. yes

b. no

a. yes

Cell (plasma) membrane consists of:

a/ lipid bilayer and integral proteins
b/ lipid bilayer, integral proteins, polysaccharides
c/ lipid bilayer and protein bilayer
d/ lipid monolayer and integral proteins

a/ lipid bilayer and integral proteins

The pinocytosis is:
a/ uptake by the cells of fluid material
b/ extrusion of material to the exterior
c/transport of molecules through the plasmalemma with structural changes in it
d/ transport of molecules through the plasmalemma using enzymes

a/ uptake by the cells of fluid material

By which of the following contacts the intercellular space disappears:

a/ "zipper" interlocking (interdigitations)
b/ tight junction (zonula occludens)
c/ desmosome (macula adherens)
d/ gap junction (nexus)

b/ tight junction (zonula occludens)

The conexones are structural components of:
a/ "zipper" interlocking (interdigitations)
b/ tight junction (zonula occludens)
c/ desmosome (macula adherens)
d/ gap junction (nexus)

d/ gap junction (nexus)

Golgi apparatus is stained with:
a/ iron-hematoxylin
b/ Feulgen reaction
c/ silver nitrate (AgNO3)
d/ hematoxylin-eosin

c/ silver nitrate (AgNO3)

Formation of new mitochondria is associated with:
a/ modification of Golgi apparatus cisternae
b/ their own budding or simple division
c/ modification of rough-surfaced (granular) endoplasmic reticulum
d/ fusion of lysosomes

b/ their own budding or simple division

Which of the following processes is concerned with the rough-surfaced (granular) endoplasmic reticulum:
a/ protein synthesis
b/ glycogen formation
c/ lipid synthesis
d/ carbohydrate metabolism

a/ protein synthesis

The coated vesicles participate in:
a/ intracellular digestion
b/ lipid synthesis
c/ intracellular transport processes
d/ protein synthesis

c/ intracellular transport processes

The lysosomes consist of:
a/ single membrane and phosphorylating enzymes
b/ single membrane and hydrolytic enzymes
c/ double infolded membrane
d/ microtubules

b/ single membrane and hydrolytic enzymes

The microtubules are components of:
a/ nucleus
b/ cytoskeleton
c/ cell (plasma) membrane
d/ nuclear envelope

b/ cytoskeleton

The sex chromatin (Barr body) is seen in:
a/ male somatic cells
b/ female somatic cells
c/ male germ cells
d/ female germ cells

b/ female somatic cells

Feulgen reaction (technique) is used for visualization of:
a/ RNA
b/ DNA
c/ proteins
d/ polysaccharides

b/ DNA

The histone proteins (histones) take part in:
a/ formation of DNA molecule
b/ formation of the karyoplasm
c/ formation of the nuclear pores
d/ formation of the ribosomes

a/ formation of DNA molecule

The interphase nucleus of young, functional activity cells is:
a/ pyknotic
b/ large, pale stained with prominent nucleolus
c/ with extremely dense heterochromatin
d/ fragmented

b/ large, pale stained with prominent nucleolus

At metaphase the chromosomes:
a/ move to the center of the cell in relation to the spindle fibers
b/ move to the opposite poles of the cell
c/ are free dispersed in the cell
d/ are attached to inner surface of nuclear envelope

a/ move to the center of the cell in relation to the spindle fibers

Mitotic spindle fibers consist of:
a/ microtubules
b/ microfilaments
c/ myofilaments
d/ neurofibrils

a/ microtubules

The lipids are visualized using:
a/ iron hematoxylin
b/ Sudan III
c/ PAS reaction
d/ hematoxylin - eosin

b/ Sudan III

The karyorexis is:
a/ fragmentation of the nucleus
b/ melting of the nucleus
c/ disappearance of the nucleolus
d/ extrusion of the nucleus

a/ fragmentation of the nucleus

The apocrine secretion is associated with:
a/ loss of the apical portion of the cell cytoplasm
b/ the entire cell is secreted
c/ without the loss of any cell cytoplasm
d/ loss of the basal portion of the cell cytoplasm

a/ loss of the apical portion of the cell cytoplasm

The apoptosis is:
a/ programmed cell death
b/ cell death under pathological conditions
c/ cell differentiation
d/ cell division

a/ programmed cell death

The fibers of the division spindle are:
a/ microtubules
b/ microfibrils
c/ neurofibrils
d/ neurotubules

a/ microtubules

The nucleolus is:
a/ related to the formation of the subunits of the ribosomes
b/ limited by a membrane
c/ associated to the inner nuclear membrane
d/ visible in the mitotic nucleus

a/ related to the formation of the subunits of the ribosomes

The enzyme acid phosphatase is characteristic for:
a/ mitochondria
b/ rough endopasmic reticulum (rER)
c/ lysosomes
d/ ribosomes

c/ lysosomes

MULTIPLE CHOICE - MORE THAN ONE ANS

The integral proteins of the plasma membrane interact with:

a/ peripheral proteins
b/ components of the cytoskeleton
c/ lysosomes
d/ nucleolus
e/ endoplasmic reticulum

a/ peripheral proteins

b/ components of the cytoskeleton

MULTIPLE CHOICE - MORE THAN ONE ANS

The glycocalix:

a/ is a polysaccharide layer
b/ takes part in the cell adhesion
c/ takes part in the cell cooperation
d/ contains protein and ion channels
e/ takes part in the ATP synthesis

a/ is a polysaccharide layer

b/ takes part in the cell adhesion

c/ takes part in the cell cooperation

MULTIPLE CHOICE - MORE THAN ONE ANS

The types of adherent junctions are:

a/ desmosomes (macula adherens)
b/ hemi-desmosome
c/ nexus
d/ zonula adherens
e/ "zipper" interlocking (interdigitations)

a/ desmosomes (macula adherens)

b/ hemi-desmosome

d/ zonula adherens

MULTIPLE CHOICE - MORE THAN ONE ANS

The nexus is:

a/ built of connexones
b/ cell organelle
c/ occluding junction (tight junction)
d/ consisting of protein channels for transport of small molecules and ions between the cells
e/ enzyme

a/ built of connexones

d/ consisting of protein channels for transport of small molecules and ions between the cells

MULTIPLE CHOICE - MORE THAN ONE ANS

The basophilia of the cell cytoplasm is due to:

a/ presence of abundant smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum
b/ presence of abundant rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum
c/ numerous mitochondria
d/ numerous ribosomes
e/ presence of abundant lipid droplets

b/ presence of abundant rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum

d/ numerous ribosomes

MULTIPLE CHOICE - MORE THAN ONE ANS

The nuclear pores:

a/ are localized to the inner nuclear membrane
b/ the function is selective transport of substances across the nuclear envelope
c/ are formed at sites where the inner and outer membranes of the nuclear envelope are joined
d/ are built of connexones
e/ are localized to the outer nuclear membrane

b/ the function is selective transport of substances across the nuclear envelope

c/ are formed at sites where the inner and outer membranes of the nuclear envelope are joined

MULTIPLE CHOICE - MORE THAN ONE ANS

The nucleolus is:

a/ a general cell organelle
b/ built of parts of the chromosomes No; 13, 14, 15, 21 n 22
c/ place where the ribosomes are formed
d/ component of the nucleus
e/ bounded by a membrane

b/ built of parts of the chromosomes No; 13, 14, 15, 21 n 22

c/ place where the ribosomes are formed

d/ component of the nucleus

MULTIPLE CHOICE - MORE THAN ONE ANS

The main functions of the smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum are:

a/ formation of the secretory granules
b/ add carbohydrates to the proteins (formation of glycoproteins)
c/ synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones
d/ synthesis of glycogen and mucus
e/ intracellular transport

c/ synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones

d/ synthesis of glycogen and mucus

e/ intracellular transport

MULTIPLE CHOICE - MORE THAN ONE ANS

The term dyctyosome describes:

a/ component of Golgi complex
b/ component of centrioles
c/ flattened cisternae with outer forming and inner secreting surfaces
d/ releasing of secretory granules form the inner suface
e/ releasing of secretory granules form the outer suface

a/ component of Golgi complex

c/ flattened cisternae with outer forming and inner secreting surfaces

e/ releasing of secretory granules form the outer suface

MULTIPLE CHOICE - MORE THAN ONE ANS

Which of the following features are specific for the mitochondria:

a/ posses own genetic apparatus
b/ formation of new mitochondria is through their own budding or simple division
c/ take part in the ATP synthesis
d/ take part in the polysaccharide synthesis
e/ are component of the cytoskeleton

a/ posses own genetic apparatus

b/ formation of new mitochondria is through their own budding or simple division

c/ take part in the ATP synthesis

MULTIPLE CHOICE - MORE THAN ONE ANS

Which of the following features are common for the mitochondria and peroxysomes

a/ are bounded by double membrane
b/ contain matrix with numerous enzymes
c/ take part in the biosynthesis of fatty acids
d/ are general membrane cell organelles
e/ posses own genetic apparatus

b/ contain matrix with numerous enzymes

d/ are general membrane cell organelles

MULTIPLE CHOICE - MORE THAN ONE ANS

Which of the following features are specific for the lysosomes:

a/ take part in the steroid synthesis
b/ take part in the intracellular digestion
c/ contain hydrolytic enzymes
d/ are related to processes of cell aging and death
e/ contain phosphorylating enzymes

b/ take part in the intracellular digestion

c/ contain hydrolytic enzymes

d/ are related to processes of cell aging and death

MULTIPLE CHOICE - MORE THAN ONE ANS

Which of the following features are specific for the peroxysomes:

a/ take part in the steroid synthesis
b/ take part in the intracellular digestion
c/ contain oxidative enzymes
d/ contain matrix with crystalloid
e/ contain phosphorylating enzymes

c/ contain oxidative enzymes

d/ contain matrix with crystalloid

MULTIPLE CHOICE - MORE THAN ONE ANS

Which of the following features are specific for the microtubules:

a/ sustain the cell shape
b/ are built from the protein actin
c/ take part in the intracellular transport of molecules and organelles
d/ ensure mobility of the microvilli
e/ participate in the formation of spindle fibers during the mitosis

a/ sustain the cell shape

c/ take part in the intracellular transport of molecules and organelles

e/ participate in the formation of spindle fibers during the mitosis

MULTIPLE CHOICE - MORE THAN ONE ANS

The mitochondria are visualized using:

a/ iron-hematoxylin
b/ methylene blue
c/ acid fucsin by Altmann's method
d/ hematoxylin-eosin
e/ impregnation technique

a/ iron-hematoxylin

c/ acid fucsin by Altmann's method

MULTIPLE CHOICE - MORE THAN ONE ANS

Typical for the nuclear membrane (envelope) is:

a/ made of one layer (membrane)
b/ double layered
c/ continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)
d/ ribosomes on the inner layer (membrane)
e/ nuclear pores

b/ double layered

c/ continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)

e/ nuclear pores

FILL IN THE BLANK

Based on their function the plasma membrane proteins are classificated:

a/
b/
c/
d/
e/

a/ receptors
b/ transport
c/ connecting
d/ enzymes
e/ transductive

FILL IN THE BLANK

The types of cell junction (intercellular contacts) are:

a/
b/
c/
d/

a/ zipper/interlocking
b/ tight junction (Zonula Occludens)
c/ desmosomes (Zonula adherens and macula adherens)
d/ gap junction (nexus)

FILL IN THE BLANK

Electron microscopy shows that the nucleolus consists of following parts:

a/
b/

a/ granular Part
b/ fibrous part

FILL IN THE BLANK

The main changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm during the prophase are:

a/
b/
c/
d/

a/ disintegration of the nuclear envelope
b/ disintegration of the nucleolus
c/ chromosomes become condensed and visible
d/ formation of the mitotic spindle fibers

FILL IN THE BLANK

The general membrane cell organelles are:

a/
b/
c/
d/
e/
f/

a/ endoplasmic reticulum
b/ golgi apparatus
c/ mitochondria
d/ lysosomes
e/ peroxisomes
f/ coated vesicles

FILL IN THE BLANK

Electron microscopy reveals that the Golgi complex consists mainly of:

a/
b/
c/

a/ cisternae
b/ microvesicles
c/ vacuoles

FILL IN THE BLANK

The main components of the cytoskeleton are:

a/
b/

a/ microtubules
b/ microfilaments

FILL IN THE BLANK

The cell inclusions are:

a/
b/
c/
d/

a/ glycogen granules
b/ lipid droplets
c/ pigments
d/ crystals

FILL IN THE BLANK

The light microscopic changes in the ageing cell are:

a/
b/
c/

a/ pyknosis
b/ karyorexis
c/ karyolysis

FILL IN THE BLANK

The types of exocrine secretion are:

a/
b/
c/

a/ merocrine
b/ apocrine
c/ holocrine

FILL IN THE BLANK

The specialized organelles are:

(3+)

myofibrils, tonofibrils, neurofibrils, secretory granules, cilia, flagella

By light microscopic observation of section of spinal ganglion stained with AgNO3 (silver impregnation) a reticular network situated near the nucleus is visible. What is this organelle?

Golgi apparatus

Electron microscopy reveals a shallow bowl- like complex consisting of parallel arranged cisternae (flattened plates) with associated vesicles and vacuoles. What is this organelle?

Golgi complex

By electron microscopy, a pair of cylindrical structures localized at right angle to each other is observed. In transverse section, their wall is composed of nine sets of three peripherally placed microtubules. What is this organelle?

Centrioles (cytocentre)

Under light microscope, in the cytoplasm of cells stained with Sudan III- hematoxylin coloured in orange droplets surrounding blue nuclei are seen. What is the name of the described structures?

Lipid inclusions

During the mitosis the chromosomes are localized in the opposite poles of the spindle fibers and form a specific figure. Which phase of mitosis is this and what is the name of the figure?

Anaphase, Diaster figure (double star)

With electron microscope cylindrical structures made of 9x2+2 microtubules can be seen. What is this organelle?

cilia

With electron microscope an oval structure made of two membranes with cristae of the inner membrane can be seen. What are these structures?

mitochondria

The connective tissue lines the body cavities.
a. yes
b. no

b. no

Osteoclasts are multinucleated, giant cells that are involved in the resorption of bone matrix.
a. yes
b. no

a. yes

The cartilage cells are arranged in groups that are referred to as a cell nest or isogenous group.
a. yes
b. no

a. yes

Mast cells are recognized to adipose connective tissue.
a. yes
b. no

b. no

Macrophages are thought to arise from the monocytes.
a. yes
b. no

a. yes

Osteoclasts are multinucleate giant cells, capable of collagen precursor synthesis
a. yes
b. no

a. yes

Connective tissue differs from epithelium by the presence of abundant intercellular material or matrix.
a. yes
b. no

a. yes

The direct (membranous) osteogenesis is peculiar to the long bones.
a. yes
b. no

b. no

The elastic fibers are not arranged in bundles, they are seen as long, thin threads forming meshwork.
a. yes
b. no

b. no

The hyaline cartilage could be replaced by bone
a. yes
b. no

a. yes

The unilocular type of fat cells (adipocytes) are found in brown adipose tissue.
a. yes
b. no

b. no (brown adipose has multilocular)

Collagen fibers are formed by the fibroblasts
a. yes
b. no

a. yes

MULTIPLE CHOICE - ONE CORRECT ANSWER
connective tissues derives from:
a/ ectoblast
b/ endoblast
c/ mesoblast
d/ mesenchyme

d/ mesenchyme

MULTIPLE CHOICE - ONE CORRECT ANSWER
The mast cells arise from:
a/ basophil granulocytes
b/ monocytes
c/ fat cells (adipocytes)
d/ lymphocytes

a/ basophil granulocytes

MULTIPLE CHOICE - ONE CORRECT ANSWER
Which of the following is specific for the osteoblast:
a/ elaborates bone matrix
b/ destroys bone matrix
c/ produces blood cells
d/ destroys blood vessels

a/ elaborates bone matrix

MULTIPLE CHOICE - ONE CORRECT ANSWER
The metachromatic staining reaction of the hyaline cartilage ground substance is due to:
a/ well developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (rER)
b/ numerous free ribosomes
c/ presence of proteoglycans
d/ presence of numerous lipid droplets

c/ presence of proteoglycans

MULTIPLE CHOICE - ONE CORRECT ANSWER

Which of the following is specific staining for the collagenous fibers:

a/ hematoxylin-eosin
b/ silver impregnation
c/ by Van Gieson method
d/ orcein

a/ hematoxylin-eosin

MULTIPLE CHOICE - ONE CORRECT ANSWER

The nutrition of the cartilage is through:

a/ blood vessels in the cartilage
b/ diffusion from the blood vessels in the perichondrium
c/ blood vessels in the underlying loose connective tissue
d/ blood vessels in the bone matrix

b/ diffusion from the blood vessels in the perichondrium

MULTIPLE CHOICE - ONE CORRECT ANSWER
The multilocular type of fat cells (adipocytes) are found in:
a/ white adipose tissue
b/ brown adipose tissue
c/ hyaline cartilage
d/ blood tissue

b/ brown adipose tissue

MULTIPLE CHOICE - ONE CORRECT ANSWER
The orcein staining is specific for visualization of the:
a/ collagenous fibers
b/ reticular fibers
c/ elastic fibers
d/ neurofibrils

c/ elastic fibers

MULTIPLE CHOICE - ONE CORRECT ANSWER
The silver impregnation is specific for visualization of the:
a/ collagenous fibers
b/ reticular fibers
c/ elastic fibers
d/ myofibrils

b/ reticular fibers

MULTIPLE CHOICE - ONE CORRECT ANSWER
The indirect (endochondral) type of osteogenesis is specific for:
a/ plane bones
b/ long bones
c/ dentine
d/ all type of bones

b/ long bones

MULTIPLE CHOICE - ONE CORRECT ANSWER
The unilocular type of fat cells (adipocytes) are found in:
a/ white adipose tissue
b/ brown adipose tissue
c/ smooth muscle tissue
d/ epithelial tissue

a/ white adipose tissue

MULTIPLE CHOICE - ONE CORRECT ANSWER

Which of the following is specific for the osteoclast:

a/ elaborates bone matrix
b/ destroys bone matrix
c/ produces blood cells
d/ produces fibers

b/ destroys bone matrix

MULTIPLE CHOICE - ONE CORRECT ANSWER
The osteoclast arises from:
a/ osteoblast
b/ basophilic granulocytes
c/ fusion of monocytes
d/ eosinophil granulocytes

c/ fusion of monocytes

MULTIPLE CHOICE - ONE CORRECT ANSWER
The metachromatic staining reaction of the mast cells is due to:
a/ well developed rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (rER)
b/ numerous free ribosomes
c/ granules containing proteoglycans
d/ numerous lipid droplets

c/ granules containing proteoglycans

MULTIPLE CHOICE - ONE CORRECT ANSWER

This of the following is specific staining for the elastic cartilage:

a/ hematoxylin-eosin
b/ by Azan
c/ silver impregnation
d/ orcein

d/ orcein

MULTIPLE CHOICE - ONE CORRECT ANSWER
The reaction by Van Gieson is specific for:
a/ elastic fibers
b/ adipose tissue
c/ collagenous fibers
d/ mast cells

a/ elastic fibers

MULTIPLE CHOICE - ONE CORRECT ANSWER
In functional aspect the plasma cells are associated with:
a/ phagocytosis
b/ clotting mechanisms
c/ allergic reactions
d/ production of antibodies

d/ production of antibodies

MULTIPLE CHOICE - ONE CORRECT ANSWER
The mast cells take part in:
a/ process of phagocytosis
b/ formation of adipose tissue
c/ allergic reactions
d/ collagen production

c/ allergic reactions