Microscopy and the Cell Quiz study

Microscope quiz

magnification

the amount the image is enlarged

revolving power

the extent to which object detail in an image is preserved during magnification

light microscope

use visible light rays that are magnified and focused by means of lenses

the binocular dissecting microscope (stereomicroscope)

designed to study entire objects in three dimensions at low magnification

compound light microscope

used for examining small or thinly sliced selections of objects under higher magnification

transmission electron microscope

the object is ultra-thinly sliced and treated with heavy metal salts to provide contrast

scanning electron microscope

gives an image of the surface and dimensions of an object

ocular/eyepiece lens

the lens at the top that you look through. usually 10x power

tube

connects the eyepiece to the objective lens

arm

supports the tube and connects it to the base

base

the bottom of the microscope, used for support

illuminator

a steady light source(110 volts) used in place of a mirror. If the microscope has a mirror, it is used to reflect light from an external light source up through the bottom of the stage.

stage

the flat platform where you place your slides

stage clips

holds the slide in place

mechanical stage

moveable stage that aids in accurate positioning of the slide

mechanical stage control knobs

two knobs that control the mechanical stage; one moves it left and right, the other moves it up and down

revolving nosepiece or turret

holds two or more objective lenses and can be roteated to easily change power

objective lenses

3-4 lenses on a microscope

the shortest lens is the lowest power, the longest one is the lens with the greatest power. All quality microscopes have achromatic, par centered, parfocal lenses.

scanning lens

4x

(4x * 10x eyepiece lens = 40x magnification)

low power lens

10x

high-dry lens

40x

high oil (oil is needed)

100x

condenser lens

focuses the light onto the specimen

diaphragm/iris

many microscopes have a rotating disk under the stage. This diaphragm has different sized holes and is used to vary the intensity and size of the cone of light that is projected upward into the slide.

coarse focuse knob

used to bring object into approximate focus

fine focus knob

used for critical focusing and used with higher power objective to bring the object into final focus

parcentral

it stays in the center

parfocal

mostly in focus

depth of field

the distance through which you can move the specimen and still have it remain in focus

working distance

space between the objective lens and the coverslip. It decreases with increasing magnifying power

cell

the basic unit of life

cell theory

states that all living things are compsoed of one or more cells

plasma membrane

defines the boundary of the living material

DNA

stores genetic information

cytoplasm

everything inside the plasma membrane that is not part of the DNA region

prokaryotic

no nucleus

eukaryotic

nucleus

nucleus

stores genetic info/synthesis of DNA and RNA

ribosomes

protein synthesis

rough ER

synthesis/modification and transport of proteins

smooth ER

lipid synthesis

Golgi appratus

processing, sorting and distribution of proteins, lipids

microtubule

shape of cell and movement of its parts

cytoplasm

contains fluid and organelles

chloroplasts

photosynthesis (plants only)

flagella/cilia

cell movement

vacuole and vesicle

storage of cellular substances

centriole

microtubule organization ( humans only)

plasma membrane

definition of cell boundary; regulation of a molecular passage

mitochondria

cellular respiration

nuclear pore

regulation of material in and out of the nucleus

nucleolus

ribosomal formation

cell wall

support and protection ( plant only)

prokaryotic cells are typically…

bacteria, cyanobacteria, and archaea. They’re believed to be similar to the earliest cellular life. no membrane bound organelles

eukaryotic cells are usually…

found in protists, fungi, plants, and animals. They contain membrane bound organelles.