Thinking Critically: A Brief History of Psychology pt 1

A set of practice flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture notes.

What is psychology trying to understand as a science?

How humans work.

Who is credited with founding the first psychology laboratory and is called the Father of modern psychology?

Wilhelm Wundt.

In what year did Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory begin?

1879.

What concept did Wundt seek to measure in his research on consciousness?

Atoms of the mind (consciousness).

Which psychologist established Structuralism and used introspection?

Edward B. Titchener.

What is Structuralism?

The study of the mind's structure through introspection.

Which psychologist is associated with Functionalism and the stream of consciousness?

William James.

What idea did Darwin contribute to early psychology?

Environment shapes the person.

Who was the first female president of the APA and a pioneering memory researcher?

Mary Whiton Calkins.

Who was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology?

Margaret Floy Washburn.

What is Margaret Floy Washburn's notable work on animal behavior called?

The Animal Mind (1908).

Who is known as the Father of American Behaviorism?

John B. Watson.

Which researcher helped advance the scientific study of behavior and suggested fear can be learned?

Rosalie Rayner.

What field did Sigmund Freud develop?

Psychoanalytic psychology.

What is the 'talking cure' associated with Freud used for?

Therapy helping soldiers (and others) by discussing problems.

What did B.F. Skinner contribute to psychology?

Operant conditioning; shaping behavior via consequences and reinforcement schedules.

Why did Humanistic psychology emerge?

As a reaction to limitations of behaviorism and Freud, emphasizing growth potential.

Who are the central figures of Humanistic psychology?

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.

What does Cognitive psychology study?

Mental processes such as solving problems, thinking, memory, and communication.

What is Cognitive neuroscience?

An interdisciplinary study of brain activity and cognition.

What does Evolutionary psychology study?

The evolution of behavior and mind using natural selection principles.

What is the Nature–Nurture issue?

The question of if our traits are present at birth or made through experience.

What does Behavior Genetics examine?

The power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.

What does the Biopsychosocial approach integrate?

Biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors in explanations of behavior.

What are the main subfields of psychology and their focus?

Basic research aims to increase science knowledge; applied research aims to solve problems (including counseling, clinical, psychiatry, and community psychology).