Studied by 69 peopleWhat is blood pressure?
outward force that blood exerts on walls of arteries
What does systolic measure?
pressure when heart contracts
What does diastolic measure?
pressure between heartbeats
What is a normal systolic measurement?
120 mmHg and below
What is a normal diastolic measurement
180 mmHg and below
What systolic measurement is considered hypertensive crisis?
180 mmHg and above
What diastolic measurement is considered hypertensive crisis?
120 mmHg and above
What is hypertension?
Persistent High Blood Pressure
What is the meaning of the prefix anti-?
against
What is the meaning of the prefix hyper-?
above
What is the meaning of the suffix -tensive?
stretching
Using word parts, what is the meaning of the word anti- hyper- -tensive?
stretching beyond as it relates to against it.
Which organ releases Renin?
kidneys
Which organ releases angiotensinogen?
liver
Which organ releases angiotensin converting enzyme?
lungs
Which organ releases aldosterone?
adrenal glands
In the bloodstream, what is the product of renin and angiotensinogen?
angiotensin I
In the bloodstream, what is the product of angiotensin I and angiotensinogen converting enzyme?
angiotensin II
What effect of angiotensin II on blood vessels?
vasoconstriction
What is vasoconstriction?
narrowing of blood vessels
What is the effect of angiotensin II on the adrenal glands?
signal release of aldosterone
What is the effect of aldosterone on the kidneys?
increase the reabsorption of Na+ and water
What is the role of angiotensin II and aldosterone in the body?
increase blood pressure
What are the organs of the Central Nervous System?
brain and spinal cord
What constitutes the Peripheral Nervous System?
nerve tissue/neurons found outside of the brain and spinal cord
What are the 2 parts of the Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System
What is the function of the Somatic Nervous System?
conscious activity
What is the function of the Autonomic Nervous System?
controls involuntary actions; unconscious actions
What are the 2 parts of the Autonomic Nervous System?
Parasympathetic Nervous System and Sympathetic Nervous System
What is simple description of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
rest and digest
What is a simple description of the Sympathetic Nervous System?
fight or flight
What are the two catecholamines associated with Sympathetic Nervous System?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which is another name for epinephrine?
adrenaline
What is another name for norepinephrine?
noradrenaline
Is the catecholamine epinephrine mostly a hormone or a neurotransmitter?
this catecholamine mostly a hormone
Is the catecholamine norepinephrine mostly a hormone or a neurotransmitter?
this catecholamine mostly a hormone
Is the catecholamine epinephrine released from the adrenal glands or released in the nerves?
this catecholamine released from the adrenal glands
Is the catecholamine norepinephrine released from the adrenal glands or released in the nerves?
this catecholamine is released in the nerves
Is the catecholamine epinephrine released continuously or in times of stress?
this catecholamine is released during times of stress
Is the catecholamine norpinephrine released continuously or in times of stress?
this catecholamine is released continously
Which beta receptors are located on the heart and kidneys
beta 1 receptors
Which beta receptors are located on adipose tissue?
beta 3 receptors
Which beta receptors are located on the lungs, liver, pancreas, bladder, blood vessels, and gastrointestinal tract?
beta 2 receptors
Which calcium channels are located on brain tissue, cardiac muscle, pancreas, retina and skeletal muscle?
L Type calcium channels
Which calcium channels are located on the liver, neurons and the sinus node of the heart?
T Type calcium channel
What type of calcium channels are located on the adrenal glands?
Both L type and T type calcium channels
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
nephron
In the nephron, what is the name of the process that removes almost all of the solutes, but not the red blood cells, white blood cells or the proteins?
process of filtration
In the nephron, what is the name of the process that returns solutes and water from the tubules to the bloodstream?
process of reabsorption
In the nephron, what is the name of the process that removes waste, such as urea, uric acid, creatinine, and H⁺, K⁺ and NH₄⁺ from the bloodstream into the tubules
process of secretion
What is the meaning of the abbreviation ACE inhibitor?
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
What is the meaning of the abbreviation ARBs?
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
What is the suffix for ACE Inhibitors?
suffix is -pril
What is the suffix for ARBs?
suffix is -sartan
What is the ending for beta blockers?
suffix is -lol
What is the ending for beta 1 selective beta blockers?
suffix is -olol
What is the ending for dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?
suffix is -dipine
What is the boxed warning on ACE Inhibitors and ARBs?
Fetal Toxicity (teratogen)
What is an auxiliary label for ACE inhibitors, Beta Blockers and Calcium Channel Blockers?
May cause dizziness / drowsiness
Beta-1 Selective and Beta Non-Selective are 2 categories for which class of antihypertensive medications?
Beta Blockers
Dihydropyridines and NonDihydropyridines are 2 categories of which class of antihypertensive medications?
Calcium Channel Blockers
In the nephron, what ion does water follow?
Na⁺
What is the function of diuretics?
to decrease blood volume
Which diuretic acts in the ascending nephron loop to inhibit reabsorption of K⁺ and Cl⁻?
Loop Diuretics
Which diuretic acts in the proximal convoluted tubule, descending nephron loop and the collecting duct to inhibit reabsorption of water?
Osmotic Diuretics
Which diuretic acts in the collecting duct to inhibit reabsorption of Na⁺ but also increases reabsorption of K⁺?
Potassium Sparing Diuretic
Which diuretic acts in the distal convoluted tubule to inhibit reabsorption of Cl⁻?
Thiazide and Thiazide Like Diuretics
Which diuretic acts in the proximal convoluted tubule to inhibit reabsorption of Na⁺ and HCO₃⁻?
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
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