AP BIO TEST CH. 1-5

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38 Terms

1
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What is true about buffers?
they maintain a relatively constant pH when either acids or bases are added to them
2
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What process builds polymers like polysaccharides?
dehydration
3
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What are some examples of polysaccharides in plants?
cellulose & starch
4
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What are some examples of polysaccharides in animals?
glycogen & chitin
5
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What are some other examples of macromolecules that are built up by dehydration?
carbohydrates, lipids, protein
6
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How are polysaccharides broken down to monosaccharides?
hydration or hydrolysis
7
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Which macromolecule is not a polymer?
lipids
8
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What are examples of lipids?
butter (Mrs. Cruz’s FAV), Fats, Oils, Steroids
9
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What are vegetable lipids made of?
C,H,O
10
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What are phospholipids made of?
C,H,O & P
11
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Which lipid has ringed structures?
steroid
12
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If a lipid is unsaturated will it have double or single bonds?
double bonds
13
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What shape does an unsaturated lipid have?
bent
14
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Where are phospholipids found?
cell membranes
15
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What elements are carbohydrates made of? What is the ratio?
C,H,O & 1:2:1 ratio
16
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What elements are proteins made of?
C,H,O,N, & S
17
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What elements are nucleic acids made of?
C,H,O,N, & P
18
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What are the bases found in DNA?
(A) adenine, (C) cytosine, (G) guanine, (T) thymine
19
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Which of these bases are larger and what are they called?
adenine and guanine, and they are called the purine group
20
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Which of the bases are smaller and what are they called?
cytosine, thymine, and uracil, and they are called pyrimidines
21
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What bond holds together the amino acids?
peptide bond
22
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What bond holds together the nitrogen bases in DNA?
hydrogen bonds
23
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What is the primary structure of a protein?
a linear chain
24
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What is the secondary structure of a protein?
a helix shape or a beta-pleated shape due to hydrogen bonds
25
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What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
R-group interaction, disulfide bridges, polypeptide backbone, and ionic bond
26
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What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
2 + polypeptides bonding
27
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What is a controlled experiment?
Test experimental and control groups in comparison
28
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What best demonstrates the unity among all organisms?
the structure and function of DNA
29
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Why is moderation of temperature possible?
water’s high specific heat
30
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What property of water is mainly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temp?
The absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds
31
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Why is water a good solvent?
because it is a polar molecule, it can surround and dissolve ionic and polar molecules
32
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What states that organisms with certain traits tend to survive and reproduce at a higher rate than others with differing traits?
natural selection
33
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What term refers to evolutionary theory that simple one-celled organisms became massive multicellular organisms with complex systems?
emergent properties
34
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What domains do prokaryotes belong to?
archaea and bacteria
35
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What is the pH of water?
7
36
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What is the pH of an acid?
1-6
37
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What is the pH of a base?
8-14
38
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Which is stronger, a covalent or hydrogen bond?
covalent bond