Cells

Cell Membrane:

• The outer border of a cell
• Controls what gets in and out of the cell
• Made of lipids and proteins

Nucleus:

• Largest organelle (animal) cell
• Holds DNA (Instructions to build organisms)

Organelle (Small Fat Bubble):

• Small Membrane-bound compartments inside a cell

Nuclear Membrane:

• Protects DNA

Nuclear Pore:

• Control what gets in and out of the nucleus

Nucleolus:

• Ribosome Synthesis

Prokaryotes:

• Do not have a nucleus
• Very primitive

Eukaryotes:

• Cells with a nucleus and other organelles
• More advanced

Endoplasmic Reticulum:

• Pathway for proteins and RNA inside the cytoplasm

Cytoplasm:

• gel-like substance
• made of water + protein

Ribosomes:

• Makes Proteins

Golgi Apparatus:

• Series of flattened membrane discs

Steps of making a protein:

1. RNA leaves the nucleus and floats down RER until it hits a ribosome
2. The ribosome reads directions on the RNA and connects proper amino acids to build the protein
3. Protein slides down ER to end
4. Part of the ER pinches off to form a transport vessel that merges into Golgi to repeat → until protein reaches its final destination

Mitochondria:

• Powerhouse of the cell
• Site of aerobic respiration (glucose →ATP)

Coristae:

• Highly folded membrane inside mitochondria where aerobic respiration takes place

Lysosome:

• Filled with acid & enzymes to digest recycle worn-out cell plants

Vacuole:

• Storage compartment in cell for extra stuff ( water, colored pigments)
• Largest vacuole in plants
• Hundreds of smaller vacuoles in animals

Cytoskeleton:

• A network of fine fibers in a cell that provide support

Plant Cells:

• Rectangle
• Brick
• Cell Wall
  • Support, made of cellulose
• Cell membrane
• Mitochondria
• Grana

Animal Cell:

• Round Sphere
• Cell Membrane
• Mitochondria

Grana:

• Many membrane discs inside chloroplasts
• Membranes hold chlorophyll