Male Reproduction

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47 Terms

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scrotum

protects and supports the testes

regulates temperature (thermoregulation)

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scrotum is comprised of

scrotal skin

tunica dartos (pushes testes up)

scrotal fascia

parietal tunica vaginalis (heat exchange)

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scrotal skin

LOTS of sweat glands and nerve endings; very important for temp regulation

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tunica dartos

smooth muscle layer that can contract or relax to adjust how close the testes are to the abdomen

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scrotal fascia

muscle that helps to tighten and expand the scrotal skin

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parietal tunica vaginalis

membrane pouch

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thermoregulation of the testes

two methods of regulating temp by the scrotum

  1. radiator = sweating

  2. thermosensor

like a swamp cooler (i.e. evaporative cooling)

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Testis (testes)

primary reproductive organ in the male

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testes functions

producing spermatozoa, hormones, additional fluid

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testicular capsule

visceral vaginal tunic

tunica albuginea- white connective tissue

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parenchyma

major mass of the testis

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seminiferous tubules

apart of the tubular compartment

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parts of the interstitial compartment

leydig cells, blood vessels, lymphphatic vessels, connective tissue

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components of the tubular compartment

pertibular cells, basement membrane, seminiferous epithelium, vasal compartment, tight junctions, adluminal compartment

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seminiferous epithelium

Sertoli cells

  • sometimes referred to as “nurse cells”

  • produces estrogen

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tight junctions

blood testis barrier; protects developing “foreign” germ cells

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Blood-Testis Barrier (BTB)

created by basement membrane and tight junctions

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Blood-Follicle Barrier (BFB)

found between theca interns and granulose cells of the follicle

basement membrane

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the tubular and interstitial compartment are all housed in _____

lobules

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rete tubules

join seminiferous tubules together to allow stern transport

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mediastinum

central connective tissue and core of the testis

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epidermis

seminiferous tubules —> rete tubules —> mediastinum —> efferent ducts —> epididymis

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epididymis

1 duct

very long (30-60 meters)

maturation environment for spermatozoa

storage site/reservoir of sperm

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three portions of the epididymis

caput: proximal end (top)

corpus: intermediate portion (middle)

cauda: distal end (farthest away)

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number of sperm found within the epididymis is dependent on several factors

frequency of ejaculation

age

environmental effects (such as temp)

size of testes

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sperm moving through the epididymis in bulls

10-14 days

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sperm moving through the epididymis in rams

12-15 days

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sperm moving through the epididymis in boars

~10 days

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sperm moving through the epididymis in dogs

10 days

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vas deferens/ductus deferens

main tube section of the make reproductive system

  • everything from caudal epididymis —> urethra

passageway for spermatozoa

vasectomy

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spermatic cord

suspends testis

extends through inguinal ring

  • passage site of inguinal canal/junction between body cavity and testis

contains:

  • ductus deferens/vas deferens

  • cremaster muscle: “pushes” testes up towards the body

  • vasculature, lymphatics, and nerves: pempiniform plexus

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pampiniform plexus

countercurrent heat exchange system

pulse pressure eliminator

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accessory sex glands

secretions produced by the epididymis and accessory sex glands produce a non-cellular liquid known as the seminal plasma (seminal plasma + sperm = semen)

ampulla, vesicular glands, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands/cowper’s glands

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ampulla

enlargement of the ductus deferens that produce a lot of mucous

does have ampulla: bull, stallion, ram

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vesicular glands

also known/called seminal vesibles

paired glands that contribute fluid to ejaculate

does have vesicular glands: bull, boar, stallion, ram

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prostate gland

promotes sperm environment w/ pre-ejaculate

does have prostate gland: bull, boar, dog, tom, stallion

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bulbourethral glands/cowper’s gland

produces a gel fraction to cause the seminal plasma to coagulate after ejaculation (prevents back flow of sperm)

does have: bull, ram, stallion, boar, tom

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Penis

copulatory organ of the male

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base of penis

attaches to ischial arch

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shaft of penis

main portion of penis

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glans penis

specialized/species specific end

lots of nerve endings

analogous to the clitoris in the female

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erection of the penis

caused form the engorgement of blood into spongy erectile tissue

corpus cavernous and corpus spongiosum

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erection and protrusion of the penis and ejaculation process are ________

under muscular control

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ischiocavernous muscles

located at the base of the penis

limits blood flow away from the penis during an erection

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urethralis

assists in moving seminal plasma and spermatozoa into the urethra

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bulbospongiosus muscles

empties the extra pelvic portion of the urethra

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sigmoid flexure

sigmoid flexure is maintained by the retractor penis muscles

this is present in species that have a fibroelastic penis and minimal erectile tissue (bulls, boars, rams)

“s” in sigmoid = “s like” figure