Interactions Among Government - Legislative Branch Midterm Review

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23 Terms

1

Article I

Established the legislative branch of the federal government

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2

Federalist Paper 51

  • Argumentative essay written by James Madison

  • Described the system of Checks and Balances

    • Within Congress and the Federal Government as a whole

  • Attempted to persuade people to support the Constitution

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3

Impeachment Process

  • The House of Representatives drafts charges of impeachment

  • The Senate holds the trial

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4

Checks and Balances

System in which each branch of the government has powers that check another branch

  • Ensures that no one branch is tyrannical

  • FED 51

  • Also is found between both houses of Congress, so no one house is too powerful

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5

Powers of the House

  • Initiating revenue bills

  • Draft impeachment charges

  • Break electoral deadlock in the event of a tie of electoral votes

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6

Powers of the Senate

  • Ratify treaties

  • Confirm/deny appointments

  • Hold Impeachment trial

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7

Organization of Congress

  • Two major parties

  • Majority leader

  • Minority leader

  • Speaker of the House

  • President Pro Tempore

  • Party whips

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8

Conference Committee

Committee created in the event that each house of Congress has altered or changed a bill

  • Committee reconciles differences and creates a compromised version, to be voted on again

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9

Rules Committee

Decides how a bill will be debated (Closed vs open rules)

  • ONLY in the house

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10

Ways and Means Committee

Committee in the House of Representatives that focuses on taxes, the budget, and other revenue-raising functions

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11

Earmarks

Money set aside for projects created by amendments or riders

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12

Filibuster

A formal way of halting Senate action on a bill by long speeches and extended debate

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13

Cloture

The method for ending a debate

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14

Trustee Model of Representation

Representatives are entrusted by their constituents to make decisions on their behalf, regardless of how the constituents feel about the topic

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15

Delegate Model of Representation

Decisions are made by representatives that accurately reflect the will of their constituents

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16

Incumbency Advantages

Privileges held by office holders that give them an advantage in the upcoming election

  • Name Recognition

    • People are more likely to vote for someone they recognize

  • Credit Claiming

    • Taking credit for bringing money to the state or district

  • Franking Privilege

    • Send mail for free

  • Campaigning experience

    • Have more experience than the challenger trying to take their seat

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17

Logrolling

Two members of Congress agree to help each other on acts of legislation

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18

Pork Barrel Legislation

Funds directed for a specific purpose - bring funds to a representative’s district

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19

Gerrymandering

Illegal redistricting to gain a political advantage

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20

Baker vs. Carr

SCOTUS case that forced states to redistrict, even though it was originally thought that the courts couldn’t intervene in the process

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21

Shaw vs. Reno

SCOTUS case that outlawed gerrymandering on the basis of race

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22

Executive checks on the legislature

  • Veto power

  • Executive privilege (keep information from Congress)

  • Executive orders (bypass Congress)

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23

Judicial Checks on the Legislative

  • SCOTUS can declare acts of legislation UNCONSTITUTIONAL (us vs lopez)

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