Studied by 11 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
urbanization
mass movement from rural to cities
effect of urbanization on society
too many people = lots of diseases being spread (nastyyyyyyy)
urban renewal
knock down old buildings (usually from slums) and build new ones
urban sprawl
city expanding
more buildings built near?
THE RICH
where did poor people live
near toxic waste canals
healthcare during industrial revolution
bad, unhygienic, hospitals paid for dead bodies (PEOPLE KILLED PEOPLE OR DUG UP GRAVEYARDS FOR DEAD BODIES!!)
germ theory
diseases are caused by microbes
louis pasteur
wanted to prove germ theory
experimented for foot + mouth disease + rabies (CONTROVERSIAL)
pasteurization
why was louis pasteur’s rabies experimentation controversial
injected rabies repeatedly into a kid to see if his treatment worked
pasteurization
removing microbes from milk
robert koch
identified tuberculosis
POOR PERSON DISEASE (easy to get if you live with a lot of people)
who created anesthesia?
horace wells
who was given CREDIT for creating anesthesia
william morton
horace wells
found a nitrogenous gas that could be used as anesthesia
did not work when testing on a woman (ppl have different tolerances)
killed 2 women because of it
william morton
credit of anesthesia goes to him because horace wells killed two women
florence nightingale
created sanitary measures for war treatment
john lister
antiseptics to prevent infection
clean surgical equipment!!
dr. j marion sims
in gynecology
accurate treatments BUT experimented on african slaves (did not treat them well)
NO ANESTHESIA!! KILLED MANY WOMEN
Adam Smith
follow forces of supply and demand
Thomas Malthus
Checks on society
warfare
Famine
Disease
What did checks on society do
AVOID OVERPOPULATION
David Ricardo
Iron law on wages:
More money = more children
More children = more kids in jobs
More kids in jobs = no jobs for adults = poverty
Ginsberg
Culture of poverty:
Poverty = revolving door
Get money, spend it, stay broke forver
How to get out of poverty
Make kids get education
Utilitarianism
Creating laws to benefit many rather thsn few
Who made utilitarianism
Jeremy bentham
who got inspired by jeremy bentham’s utilitarianism?
John stuart mill
John stuart mill
Tried to pass laws with utilitarianism
Chartist movement
Get parliament to change laws
Socialism
People as a whole control means of production
(Working together to create something)
Utopia
Classless society + no gender bias + no money
idea of utopia created by?
Thomas moore
Robert owen
Owned a factory and treated employees WELL
Lynark
Robert owen’s place for his workers
Had stores, schools, literally everything for a good life
Communism
Proletarians to RISE UP against bourgeoisie to control means of production + create utopia
Proleteriat
Working class
idea of communism made by?
karl marx + frederich engels (will disagree with marx later on)
Why was the idea of communism only good in theory?
Human greed, people always want more so nobody will be satisfied with the minimum.
Temperance movement
Remove alcohol from husbands, thought it made their husbands mad and abusive.
Who was a part of the temperance movement
Elizabeth stanton and julia hall
Women’s suffrage
Womens right to vote
Women’s suffrage was a part of ?
Chartist movement (getting parliament to change laws)
as child labor laws changed..
Growth of public schools + access to higher education
What happened in 1840 with education for women
few universities opened for them
1897 males of cambridge
Rioted against giving women degrees (haters)
Natural resources
Coal and iron
People
Were literate
Capital for investment
People were willing to invest in business ideas
what government did england have?
Pro-business govt.
What did the pro-business govt do?
Mercantilism→ capitalism
Passed legislation for business
Innovations
Engineers and designers made lots of new thingss
Enterprise
A system that encourages investment and innovation, often characterized by private ownership and competition.
Entrepreneur
Takes risks for business ideas to get profit
What was the cottage industry
Small shops where goods were made prior to big factories
Putting out system
Farmers try to bypass guilds by giving material to COTTAGE INDUSTRIES that make stuff so merchants can sell them
LESS EXPENSIVE!!
John kay
Flying shuttle (made threads into cloth much faster
James hargeaves
Spinning jenny, made more spools of threads
Eli whitney
Cotton gin, separated cotton from seeds faster
Where were the first cotton gins made?
India
What nationality was eli whitney
American
Cotton gin originally invented in india by who?
Catherine greene
Canals
Connected bodies of water
Growth of canals
Easier transportation + trade
Westinghouse
Made airbreaks to slow trains down
What happened because airbreaks made
Brakemen angry since they not needed no more
Growth of train system
Better trade + transportation
George stevenson
Locomotive → better transport
what was the clermont
Steamboat
Who made steamboat
Robert fulton
What was the steamboat
Steam engine on a boat
What did all of these inventions do?
Set off chain reaction:
products made quickly = inventors find ways to advertise products
What happens if more products are made?
Prices go down
Factory
People + machines WORK TOGETHER to create a product
Turnpike
Privately owned roads
PAY TO USE
Enclosure
Bug a large amount of land + close it off
Smelt
to melt iron ore into iron
Jethro Tull
Made seed drill
who originally invented the seed drill
The chinese
Seed drill
Dont need people to seed land
Why were there no revolts after the invention of the seed drill
People didnt lose jobss
Charles townshed
brought back technology from netherlands + grew turnips to fertilize land
Thomas newcomen
Made single cylinder steam engine
What did the single cylinder steam engine do
Use water to produce steam
James watt
Improved the single cylinder steam engine »»» MORE EFFICIENT
Abraham Darby
Smelted iron
What did Abraham darby use to smelt iron
Coal
Why was coal used to smelt iron
More efficient heat source
Why did the industrial revolution occur
Stable food source, people able to focus on other things (like industry)
How did the factory system and money-making techniques change?
Through innovations
What places had uneven development?
Belgium, germany, and italy
How did belgium have uneven development
—
How did germany have uneven development
it was NOT unified
How did italy have uneven development
north and south were divided
Henry Bessemer
Made the bessemer process
What is the bessemer process
Make iron hotter to create steel
Why was steel better than iron
Lighter, stronger and more durable
Alfred noble
Made dynamite
Made Nobel peace prize (for those who progress humanity)
Alessandro Volta
harnessed electricity in BATTERY
Michael faraday
create dynamo (dynamite that creates electricity by spinning very fast)
Note 
Flashcard (20)