INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONNNN

urbanization

mass movement from rural to cities

effect of urbanization on society

too many people = lots of diseases being spread (nastyyyyyyy)

urban renewal

knock down old buildings (usually from slums) and build new ones

urban sprawl

city expanding

more buildings built near?

THE RICH

where did poor people live

near toxic waste canals

healthcare during industrial revolution

bad, unhygienic, hospitals paid for dead bodies (PEOPLE KILLED PEOPLE OR DUG UP GRAVEYARDS FOR DEAD BODIES!!)

germ theory

diseases are caused by microbes

louis pasteur

• wanted to prove germ theory

• experimented for foot + mouth disease + rabies (CONTROVERSIAL)

• pasteurization

why was louis pasteur’s rabies experimentation controversial

injected rabies repeatedly into a kid to see if his treatment worked

pasteurization

removing microbes from milk

robert koch

identified tuberculosis

• POOR PERSON DISEASE (easy to get if you live with a lot of people)

who created anesthesia?

horace wells

who was given CREDIT for creating anesthesia

william morton

horace wells

found a nitrogenous gas that could be used as anesthesia

• did not work when testing on a woman (ppl have different tolerances)

• killed 2 women because of it

william morton

credit of anesthesia goes to him because horace wells killed two women

florence nightingale

created sanitary measures for war treatment

john lister

antiseptics to prevent infection

• clean surgical equipment!!

dr. j marion sims

• in gynecology

• accurate treatments BUT experimented on african slaves (did not treat them well)

• NO ANESTHESIA!! KILLED MANY WOMEN

Adam Smith

follow forces of supply and demand

Thomas Malthus

Checks on society

• warfare

• Famine

• Disease

What did checks on society do

AVOID OVERPOPULATION

David Ricardo

Iron law on wages:

More money = more children

More children = more kids in jobs

More kids in jobs = no jobs for adults = poverty

Ginsberg

Culture of poverty:

Poverty = revolving door

Get money, spend it, stay broke forver

How to get out of poverty

Make kids get education

Utilitarianism

Creating laws to benefit many rather thsn few

Who made utilitarianism

Jeremy bentham

who got inspired by jeremy bentham’s utilitarianism?

John stuart mill

John stuart mill

Tried to pass laws with utilitarianism

Chartist movement

Get parliament to change laws

Socialism

People as a whole control means of production

(Working together to create something)

Utopia

Classless society + no gender bias + no money

idea of utopia created by?

Thomas moore

Robert owen

Owned a factory and treated employees WELL

Lynark

Robert owen’s place for his workers

Had stores, schools, literally everything for a good life

Communism

Proletarians to RISE UP against bourgeoisie to control means of production + create utopia

Proleteriat

Working class

idea of communism made by?

karl marx + frederich engels (will disagree with marx later on)

Why was the idea of communism only good in theory?

Human greed, people always want more so nobody will be satisfied with the minimum.

Temperance movement

Remove alcohol from husbands, thought it made their husbands mad and abusive.

Who was a part of the temperance movement

Elizabeth stanton and julia hall

Women’s suffrage

Womens right to vote

Women’s suffrage was a part of ?

Chartist movement (getting parliament to change laws)

as child labor laws changed..

Growth of public schools + access to higher education

What happened in 1840 with education for women

few universities opened for them

1897 males of cambridge

Rioted against giving women degrees (haters)

Natural resources

Coal and iron

People

Were literate

Capital for investment

People were willing to invest in business ideas

what government did england have?

Pro-business govt.

What did the pro-business govt do?

Mercantilism→ capitalism

Passed legislation for business

Innovations

Engineers and designers made lots of new thingss

Enterprise

A system that encourages investment and innovation, often characterized by private ownership and competition.

Entrepreneur

Takes risks for business ideas to get profit

What was the cottage industry

Small shops where goods were made prior to big factories

Putting out system

Farmers try to bypass guilds by giving material to COTTAGE INDUSTRIES that make stuff so merchants can sell them

LESS EXPENSIVE!!

John kay

Flying shuttle (made threads into cloth much faster

James hargeaves

Spinning jenny, made more spools of threads

Eli whitney

Cotton gin, separated cotton from seeds faster

Where were the first cotton gins made?

India

What nationality was eli whitney

American

Cotton gin originally invented in india by who?

Catherine greene

Canals

Connected bodies of water

Growth of canals

Easier transportation + trade

Westinghouse

Made airbreaks to slow trains down

What happened because airbreaks made

Brakemen angry since they not needed no more

Growth of train system

Better trade + transportation

George stevenson

Locomotive → better transport

what was the clermont

Steamboat

Who made steamboat

Robert fulton

What was the steamboat

Steam engine on a boat

What did all of these inventions do?

Set off chain reaction:

products made quickly = inventors find ways to advertise products

What happens if more products are made?

Prices go down

Factory

People + machines WORK TOGETHER to create a product

Turnpike

Privately owned roads

PAY TO USE

Enclosure

Bug a large amount of land + close it off

Smelt

to melt iron ore into iron

Jethro Tull

Made seed drill

who originally invented the seed drill

The chinese

Seed drill

Dont need people to seed land

Why were there no revolts after the invention of the seed drill

People didnt lose jobss

Charles townshed

brought back technology from netherlands + grew turnips to fertilize land

Thomas newcomen

Made single cylinder steam engine

What did the single cylinder steam engine do

Use water to produce steam

James watt

Improved the single cylinder steam engine »»» MORE EFFICIENT

Abraham Darby

Smelted iron

What did Abraham darby use to smelt iron

Coal

Why was coal used to smelt iron

More efficient heat source

Why did the industrial revolution occur

Stable food source, people able to focus on other things (like industry)

How did the factory system and money-making techniques change?

Through innovations

What places had uneven development?

Belgium, germany, and italy

How did belgium have uneven development

—

How did germany have uneven development

it was NOT unified

How did italy have uneven development

north and south were divided

Henry Bessemer

Made the bessemer process

What is the bessemer process

Make iron hotter to create steel

Why was steel better than iron

Lighter, stronger and more durable

Alfred noble

• Made dynamite

• Made Nobel peace prize (for those who progress humanity)

Alessandro Volta

harnessed electricity in BATTERY

Michael faraday

create dynamo (dynamite that creates electricity by spinning very fast)