Organic Synthesis

A level Chemistry OCR A

Alkene to Alkane

H2, Ni

Alkane to Haloalkane

Br2, UV light

Alkene to Haloalkane

HBr or Br2

Haloalkane to Alcohol

NaOH, reflux

Alcohol to Haloalkane

NaBr, conc. H2SO4, reflux

Alcohol to Alkene

conc. H3PO4, reflux

Alkene to Alcohol

H2O (g) / conc. H3PO4

Alcohol to Carboxylic acid

K2Cr2O7, conc. H2SO4, reflux

Alcohol to Ketone

K2Cr2O7, conc. H2SO4, reflux

Alcohol to Aldehyde

K2Cr2O7, conc. H2SO4, distillation

Aldehyde to Carboxylic acid

K2Cr2O7, conc. H2SO4, reflux

Carboxylic acid to Ester

Alcohol / conc. H2SO4 / reflux

Aldehyde/Ketone to Alcohol

NaBH4

Carboxylic acid to Acyl chloride

SOCl2

Acyl chloride to Carboxylic acid

H2O

Acyl chloride to ester

alcohol

Ester to carboxylic acid

Dilute acid

Acid anhydride to ester

alcohol

Amine to amide

acyl chloride

Acyl chloride to amide

NH3

Aldehyde to Hydroxynitrile

KCN / conc. H2SO4

Haloalkane to Nitrile

KCN in ethanol, reflux

Haloalkane to Amine

NH3/ethanol then NaOH

Nitrile to Amine

H2/Ni

Nitrile to Carboxylic acid

H2O, HCl, heat

Benzene to halobenzene

Cl2, AlCl3

Benzene to Nitrobenzene

Conc HNO3, conc H2SO4

Nitrobenzene to Aminobenzene

Sn / conc HCl

Benzene to Akylbenzene

Haloalkane, AlCl3

Benzene to Phenylketone

Acyl chloride, AlCl3