Biology Chapter 8 Photosynthesis part 1

What is substrate level phosphorylation

when an enzyme makes ATP from a high phosphorylated substrate and ADP

What does Photosynthesis use light for

it uses the energy of light to synthesize glucose

What organisms can photosynthesize?

Plants, Protista and Cyanobacteria

who in the Protista kingdom specifically can photosynthesize?

Red, Green, Brown algae, and photoplankton

why is cyanobacteria important to Earth

they were the first organisms to give the earth oxygen

when did cyanobacteria give oxygen to earth

3.8 billion years ago

which type of light is good for photosynthesis and what is the size of the wavelength

visible light 380nm-750nm

what happens to wavelengths when they are shorter

they are smaller

what happens to wavelengths when they are bigger

they are longer

which size wavelengths have more energy

shorter wavelengths

purpose of pigments

turn light into color

what is the primary pigment of a plant

chlorophyll a

what type of pigment is chlorophyll b

accessory pigment

besides chlorophyll b, what is another accessory pigment?

carotenoids

where are pigments in the thylakoid

they are embedded in the thyloakoid

what does UV light do

causes a glow

what is the glow from UV light called

fluorescence

where does high energy electron come from in plants

light striking electrons

what type of energy does the electron have when it goes up an orbital, when struck by sun

potential energy

why do plants want high energy electron in the outer orbital

to take to the electron transport chain

do plants use NADH

no

what do plants use instead of NADH

light

what happens to electrons when their potential energy is used

they go back to their original orbital

what causes fluorescence

when a high energy electron goes back to its original orbital.

why might a plant turn red

when it fluorescence from UV light

why is fluorescence bad for plants

it doesn’t get to take the high energy electrons to the electron transport chain

why does only a low amount of energy get turned into ATP

a lot of energy is lost as heat

what atom does the plant get high energy electrons to the electron transport chain

Magnesium

what part of photosynthesis is oxidation

2H₂O → 0₂

what type of light reaction happens in the oxidation of photosynthesis

light dependent reaction

products of Light dependent reactions

ATP and NADPH

what type of electron carrier is only stored in chloroplasts

NADPH

what is the reduction portion of photosynthesis

CO₂ + 2H₂O → CH₂O

what type of reaction occurs in the reduction portion of photosynthesis

light independent reaction

what is used on the light independent reaction

Calvin cycle

another name for light independent reaction

dark reaction

why does light independent reaction still need light?

It needs the products of light for the Calvin Cycle

What happens to C in Calvin cycle

it gets turned into sugar

when water is split, what is the byproduct

oxygen

what is inside the leaf vein

xylem and 2 phylum

purpose of xylem

bring water and minerals from roots to the leaf vein

purpose of phylum

takes sugar produced by the leaf to the rest of the plant

what does the stomata do

opens from carbon dioxide to get into the cell

what happens when the stomata opens

carbon dioxide enters and water and oxygen are released

where does chemiosmosis happens in plants

in the chloroplasts

what type of reaction is chemiosmosis

light dependent reaction

Another name for Calvin cycle

C3 cycle

Where does the Calvin cycle get energy from

chemiosmosis

What is the result of the Calvin cycle

PGAL

what type of compound is PGAL

3 carbon compound

what does light dependent reaction produce

ATP and NADPH

where does light dependent reaction take place

in the thylakoid

What does light independent reaction produce

sugar, PGAL

where does the light independent reaction take place

stoma

what type of membrane does the chloroplast have

double membrane

where is the proton gradient in the chloroplasts

in the thylakoid membrane, where chemiosmosis happens

why does the proton gradient move out of the thylakoid space

it goes through ATP synthase to make ATP and gives that energy to the Calvin cycle

what is it called when ATP is made in plants

chemiosmotic phosphorylation