Prelecture Ch. 6

What chemical group is found at the 3' end of a DNA strand?

A hydroxyl group.

Is it true or false that when a cell divides, its chromatin structure is completely reset?

False.

What complex of DNA and proteins makes up a eukaryotic chromosome?

Chromatin.

What structure is the site of ribosomal RNA transcription in an interphase eukaryotic cell?

Nucleolus.

What type of bond connects base pairs in DNA?

Hydrogen.

What structure is normally found at the 5' end of a DNA strand?

Phosphate group.

What array of DNA–protein particles packs DNA in the living cell?

Nucleosomes.

What specialized DNA sequence attaches to microtubules during chromosome separation?

Centromere.

What is the most highly condensed form of chromatin called?

Heterochromatin.

When are DNA molecules most visible under a light microscope?

In a cell that is dividing.

What experiment demonstrated that DNA from one strain of bacteria can alter another strain's phenotype?

Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod experiment.

What do prokaryotic chromosomes lack due to their circular structure?

Telomeres.

What are the specialized DNA sequences at the ends of most eukaryotic chromosomes called?

Telomeres.

How are the two strands of DNA in a double helix oriented?

Antiparallel in orientation.

What type of chemical group can be added to the tails of core histone proteins?

All of these (acetyl, methyl, phosphate).

What does each eukaryotic chromosome contain?

One long double-stranded DNA molecule.