Studied by 6 peopleactive transport
Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
energy-carrying biological molecule, which, when broken down, drives cellular activities
adhesion Protein
links cells together to maintain the 3D structure and the function of tissues
Amino Acid
Building blocks of protein
carrier protein
Protein involved in facilitated diffusion that transports (carry) substances through the plasma membrane of a cell.
cell
The smallest structure and functional part of an organsim
cellular respiration
a series of chemical reactions in which glucose is metabolised in the presence of oxygen to produce CO2, H2O and heat energy.
cellulose
a carbohydrate molecule (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms
centriole
structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division
channel protein
A membrane protein, specifically a transport protein, that has a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or atomic ions use as a tunnel.
cholorplast
green organelle, in plant cells, photosynthesis, captures energy from the sun to make glucose
Chlorophyll
green pigment in chloroplasts that absorb light energy for photosynthesis.
Cholesterol
part of the structure of the plasma membrane that alters it's fluidity
chromosome
structure made of DNA and associated proteins on which genes are located
concentration gradient
A difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.
contractile vacuole
a structure in a cell that controls the amount of water inside a cell. Pumps water from cytoplasm to the outside of a cell
crenation
This happens when a cell shrinks and shrivels; can result in cell death if severe. the crinkling of red blood cells after they lose water.
cristae
Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electon transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP.
cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
cytoplasmic streaming
The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell's contents.
cytoskeleton
A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
cytosol
part of the cytoplasm that contains a fluid material dissolved substances (not the organelles)
diffusion
the movement of individual molecules of a substance through a semipermeable barrier from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
the molecules inside cells that carry genetic information
endocytosis
The movement of things (solids or liquids) into a cell from the environment thru vesicle formation
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
enzyme
A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing (a catalyst) lowers amount of energy needed for reaction
equilibrium
the point where particles are balance or distributed evenly.
eukaryotic
Complex cells that contain membrane bound organelles
exocytosis
the movement of soldis or liquids from a cell to the environment through vesicle formation
external environment (of a cell)
The environment surrounding a cell outside the plasma membrane
extracellular
external to a cell
facilitated diffusion
a form of diffusion that needs a substance to be sttached to a specific carrier molecule to move across a membrane
flaccid
floppy lmao. The state of a plant cell thats lost water
fluid mosaic model
a model that describes the fluid character of the plasma membrane.
glycoprotein
membrane receptor proteins that carry a carbohydrate molecule.
golgi apparatus
A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell
grana
stacks of thylakoids in the chloroplast
haemolysis
the rupture or destruction of red blood cells.
hydrophilic
Having an affinity for water. rlly like water
Hydrophobic
Having an aversion to water. hates water (in 2022?!)
hypertonic
Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution.
hypotonic
Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution
intercellular
between cells
internal environment (of a cell)
all material of a cell inside the plasma membrane
intracellular
within the cell
ion
a charged particle
isotonic
a fluid with equal solute concentration to another fluid
lysosome
membrane
metabolism
the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials
microfilament
microtunule
mitochondria
mitochondria matrix
multicellular
Organisms made up of multiple cells
nanometer (nm)
nuclear envelope/ membrane
a highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells.
nucleolus
Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
nucleus
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction
organelle
A small structure in a cell that is surrounded by a membrane and has a specific function.
osmosis
passive transport
permeable
phagocytosis
phospholipid
phospholipid bilayer
photosynthesis
Phytosterol
pinocytosis
plasma membrane
The membrane that surrounds all cells
plasmolysis
plasmid
a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell's chromosomal DNA.
prokaryotic
simple, primitive celss that lack membrane bound organelles and nucleus
receptor
receptor protein
rceognition protein
ribosome
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
eough endoplasmic reticulum
solute
soltion
solvent
spindle fibers
stroma
surface-area-to-volume ration (SA:V)
the relationship between the surface area of the plasma membrane surrounding a cell and the volume of it's contents
synthesise
thylakoid membrane
tonoplas
transmembrane protein
transport protein
turgid
unicellular
organisms made up of only one cells
vacuole
a membrane bound organelle, in animals it stores the waste products. In plants it helps maintain water balance.
vesicle
Note 
Flashcard (44)