Unit 4: AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

Nation state + example

Geographic area with population area, recognition, sovereignty, people have a common culture (or nation) EX: Japan, Poland, Slovakia

Stateless nation + example

A group of people that share a common culture but aren’t a state. EX: Kuros, Basques, Scots

Multinational State + example

A state with many ethnic groups. EX: USA, Russia, China

Multi-State nation + example

Ethnic groups that are linked culturally but live in several geographically connected states. EX: Arabs, Koreans

True or false: Multi nation states spans borders

True

Autonomous region/semi autonomous region

People given a degree of freedom to run their homeland while still under the authority of a state

Sovereignty

To have complete authority over your state

What is self determination?

the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and governments.

How does self-determination impact a territory?

People have freedom to exhibit their culture, less likely to independence

Territoriality

Area of land or water that is chained by a group or individual as their own

neocolonialism

Colonized countries get pressured into giving resources to the colonizing country

How has china been using neocolonialism in Africa?

China is building infrastructure in order to export raw materials

Identify 2 problems that a country in the shatter belt region may experience

Conflict, genocide

Where is the shatter belt region?

Balkanization

Region breaking into small units

Brexit

When Britain exited the EU

Colonialism vs Imperialism

Colonialism is where one country physically exerts complete control over another country. Imperialism is formal or informal economic and political domination of one country over the other.

China’s one belt, one road initiative

Choke point

A choke point is a body of water that dan be closed off, and international trade could be delayed

Antecedent boundary

a boundary between two states that is created before the area is populated with human society.

Relic boundary

A boundary that is no longer there

Superimposed boundary

a political boundary that is forcibly imposed on the landscape by an outside power, without regard for existing cultural or ethnic divisions

Subsequent boundary

A boundary to group together ethnic groups; A boundary that is established after the settlement with an attempt to accommodate cultural differences

Boundary dispute

2 countries have a different idea where the boundary should be

Frontier

A zone of territory where no state has governing authority.

Locational boundary dispute

Boundary dispute over the physical location

Operational dispute

A dispute over how the boundary will function

allocational boundary dispute

A dispute over the right to resources

UNCLOS 200 mile EEZ

Gerrymandering

manipulate the boundaries of (an electoralconstituency) so as to favor one party or class.

2 ways gerrymandering impacts political elections

1. It can create unfair advantage to other running politicians

2. Could impact communities of color

Unitary vs federal forms of governance

Unitary has 1 level of government, federal has 2 forms

Shapes of states

Prorupt, fragmented, compact, elongated, enclave, exclave

Prorupted shape

Fragmented

Elongated

Compact

Exclave/enclave

a region of a country that is completely separated from the main body of that country, usually by the borders of another country

Devolution

The opposite of evolution. Some causes may be ethnic desires for independence, and civil war

Identify 2 Supranational organizations and explain how they impact the countries in them.

ASEAN and EU.

Countries enjoy the ‘power in numbers’ benefit but countries have to abide by what all the countries decide

Centripetal and centrifugal forces examples in political ways

Centripetal=government creates laws that are fair for all citizens

Centrifugal=ethnic minorities mistreated by police

Centripetal and centrifugal forces examples in economic ways

Centripetal=equal distribution of wealth

Centrifugal=ethnic minorities living in poverty

Centripetal and centrifugal forces examples in cultural ways

Centripetal=multiculturalism

Centrifugal=assimilation