T18: Cell Injury, Death, Adaptation

reversible injury examples

reversible injury examples

swell, fatty change

Necrosis process

swell → membrane fall apart → enzymes leak → self digest

Necrosis characteristics

increased eosinophilia

Nuclear change in necrosis

pyknosis (shrink), karyorrhexis (fragment), karyolysis (loss)

types of necrosis

coagulative, liquefactive, gangrenous, fibrinoid, fat, caseous

coagulative necrosis characteristics

architecture preserved but no nucleus because structural protein denatured, preventing proteolysis of dead cells

coagulative necrosis cause

loss of blood supply

infarcts

necrosis caused by ischemia

fat necrosis cause

pancreatic lipase destroys fat

fat necrosis examples in disease

acute pancreatitis

fat necrosis characteristics

undefined border between fat

liquefactive necrosis cause

ischemia → coagulative necrosis → infections → inflammation → enzyme digest tissue (liquefaction) → pus

liquefactive necrosis characteristic

hemorrhage

what type of necrosis

coagulative necrosis

what type of necrosis

coagulative necrosis

abscess

pus

what type of necrosis

liquefactive necrosis

what type of necrosis

liquefactive necrosis

gangrenous necrosis

coagulative on limb

caseous necrosis disease

tuberculosis

caseous necrosis characteristic

lysed cells, cheese-like

what type of necrosis

caseous necrosis

what type of necrosis

caseous necrosis

granulomatous inflammation characteristics

caseous necrosis, epithelioid, giant cell

fibrinoid necrosis cause

antigen and antibody deposit in blood vessel wall

conditions linked to fibrinoid necrosis

vasculitis, hypertension

fibrinoid necrosis characteristic

blood vessel not empty inside

what type of necrosis

fibrinoid necrosis

apoptosis process

cells activate enzyme → shrink → digested

what is shown in the picture

apoptosis

hypertrophy

increased cell and organ size

hypertrophy cause

increased workload induced by GFs

hypertrophy happens in

cells that can’t divide (heart, uterus, brain, muscle)

what type of cell adaptation is depicted

hypertrophy

hyperplasia

increased cell number

hyperplasia happens in

cells that can divide

physiologic change

due to hormone

pathologic change

due to abnormalities

atrophy

decreased cell or organ size

atrophy cause

decreased workload or nutrient

what cell adaptation is depicted

atrophy

metaplasia

change in cell type

metaplasia cause

irritation induced by altered differentiation

metaplasia can become

reduced function, malignant

metaplasia examples

squamous metaplasia in smoker, barrett esophagus

what type of cell adaptation is depicted

metaplasia

types of pathogenic calcification

dystrophic, metastatic

dystrophic

normal calcium level, but deposit in injured/dead

metastatic

hypercalcemia in normal tissues

exogenous pigment examples

carbon, pollutant

exogenous pigment disease

antracosis

endogenous pigment example

lipofuscin, melanin, hemosiderin

lipofuscin cause

aging or atrophy

hemosiderin cause

excess iron

what type of pigment is depicted

exogenous (carbon)

what type of pigment is depicted

lipofuscin

what type of pigment is depicted

melanin

what type of pigment is depicted

hemosiderin

what condition is depicted

calcification