Anatomy & Physiology: Chapter 4 Learning Targets

Contains learning targets from chapter 4 (histology, tissue repair, regeneration, etc.) for the final

Striated Muscles

Skeletal and Cardiac

Involuntary Muscles

Cardiac and Smooth

3 Fibers in Connective Tissue

* Collagen: strongest
* Elastic: stretch/flexible
* Reticular: form networks

6 Characteristics of epithelium

* Closely packed cells
* Lines lumens (openings)
* regenerate quickly
* protects
* supported by connective tissue below
* has nerves, but avascular (NO blood supply)

Polarity of Cells

Apical=top

Basal=bottom

Cilia Function

Moves stuff

Cilia Location

Respiratory

Microvilli Function

Absorb

Microvilli Location

Digestive

Connective tissue components

* Fluid
* Proteins
* Sugars

Extracellular Matrix structure

Ground substance+Fibers=Extracellular Matrix

Extracellular Matrix function

provides structure and communication between cells

Lacuna

air pockets where cells reside, especially noticeable in elastic cartilage

Striated

Layers/stripes seen in cardiac and skeletal muscle

Intercalated Discs

Seperate cells, and allow cells to communicate in order to keep rhythm

4 cardinal signs of Inflammation

* Redness
* Swelling
* Pain
* Heat

Tissue Repair steps

1. inflammation
2. organization
3. regeneration/fibrosis

1. Inflammation (1st step)

Release histamines

\-causes blood flow to area (more O2)

\-bring in antibodies, fluid, proteins=pus

1. Inflammation (2nd step)

Blood clot formed

1. Inflammation (3rd step)

Form scab from fibers

2. Organization (1st step)

Blood clot is replaced with granulation tissue

\-includes blood vessels

\-fibroblasts

\-pulls the wound together

2. Organization (2nd step)

White blood cells break down old material

3. Regeneration (definition)

Replacement of tissue with the same type

3. Fibrosis (definition)

Replacement of tissue with **scar** tissue

\-can’t perform original task

\-mostly collagen

\-no blood supply (why it’s white)

**Good** Regeneration ability

* epithelium
* bone
* blood

**Poor** Regeneration ability

* Muscle
* Cartilage

**Bad** Regeneration ability

* Nervous
* Cardiac Muscle

Why do some tissues regenerate better than others?

more **frequent mitosis** because of a large number of **stem cells** in the lower layers