Salamanders.

direct

All 3 major amphibian lineages have ______ development at some point.

direct development

Type of development in which the “larval” stage occurs within the egg and the young hatch as post-metamorphic amphibians.

internal

Suborder Salamandroidea uses ______ fertilization via a spermatophore.

Salamandroidea

The suborder ____________ includes all salamander families except Cryptobranchidae, Hynobiidae, and Sirenidae.

Salamandridae

Which family has the most toxic of all salamanders? They also have rough skin because of their poison glands and aposematism

unken reflex

reflex where salamanders throw up their head and tail to show their ventral bright colors

pheromones

just wait for female to find spermatophore

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Types of signals used in mating

Ambystomatidae

Dicamptodontidae (1 sp.)

Proteidae (all)

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Families with paedomophosis

Rhyacotritonidae

Which family has the “torrent salamanders” which live in swift headwater streams in Humboldt county? They also have reduced lungs and square vents which are an adaptation to mating/creating spermatophores in fast water.

Amphiumidae

Which family has incomplete metamorphosis, lungs with occasional air gulping, 4 tiny limbs, and 2 tiny eyes?

Plethodontidae

Which family has nasolabial grooves, no lungs, cutaneous respiration, and both indirect & direct development?

nasolabial groove

little slit right under nostril that helps pull scents and pheromones into the nose

cirri

moustache like characters that may aid in chemoreception to nasolabial grooves

ring species

neighboring populations of a species that can interbreed, but for which there exist at least two “end” populations in the series that cannot interbreed

*Ensatina eschscholtzii*

CA ring species with 7 recognized subspecies

Plethodontidae (490)

family with most species

Cryptobranchidae

family with biggest species

Salamandridae

family with live birth

absence

absence/presence of parental care is ancestral in salamanders

Hynobiidae

family that retains more ancestral traits, lives in Asia, has complete metamorphosis

Cryptobranchidae

family with incomplete metamorphosis, cutaneous respiration (small lungs), external fertilization, “chonky bois”

Sirenidae

family with long bodies, incomplete metamorphosis, well-developed lungs, almost 4 chambered heart, keratinized beak, nonpedicellate teeth, frilly gills

Plethodontidae

Which salamander family uses direct development and is the most diverse group?