direct
All 3 major amphibian lineages have ______ development at some point.
direct development
Type of development in which the “larval” stage occurs within the egg and the young hatch as post-metamorphic amphibians.
internal
Suborder Salamandroidea uses ______ fertilization via a spermatophore.
Salamandroidea
The suborder ____________ includes all salamander families except Cryptobranchidae, Hynobiidae, and Sirenidae.
Salamandridae
Which family has the most toxic of all salamanders? They also have rough skin because of their poison glands and aposematism
unken reflex
reflex where salamanders throw up their head and tail to show their ventral bright colors
pheromones
just wait for female to find spermatophore
Types of signals used in mating
Ambystomatidae
Dicamptodontidae (1 sp.)
Proteidae (all)
Families with paedomophosis
Rhyacotritonidae
Which family has the “torrent salamanders” which live in swift headwater streams in Humboldt county? They also have reduced lungs and square vents which are an adaptation to mating/creating spermatophores in fast water.
Amphiumidae
Which family has incomplete metamorphosis, lungs with occasional air gulping, 4 tiny limbs, and 2 tiny eyes?
Plethodontidae
Which family has nasolabial grooves, no lungs, cutaneous respiration, and both indirect & direct development?
nasolabial groove
little slit right under nostril that helps pull scents and pheromones into the nose
cirri
moustache like characters that may aid in chemoreception to nasolabial grooves
ring species
neighboring populations of a species that can interbreed, but for which there exist at least two “end” populations in the series that cannot interbreed
Ensatina eschscholtzii
CA ring species with 7 recognized subspecies
Plethodontidae (490)
family with most species
Cryptobranchidae
family with biggest species
Salamandridae
family with live birth
absence
absence/presence of parental care is ancestral in salamanders
Hynobiidae
family that retains more ancestral traits, lives in Asia, has complete metamorphosis
Cryptobranchidae
family with incomplete metamorphosis, cutaneous respiration (small lungs), external fertilization, “chonky bois”
Sirenidae
family with long bodies, incomplete metamorphosis, well-developed lungs, almost 4 chambered heart, keratinized beak, nonpedicellate teeth, frilly gills
Plethodontidae
Which salamander family uses direct development and is the most diverse group?