Saponification and Soaps

These flashcards cover key concepts related to saponification, soaps, and synthetic detergents from the lecture notes.

What is saponification?

The process of cleaving triglycerides (esters) with excess base, resulting in glycerin and sodium soaps.

What compound is produced along with sodium soap during saponification?

Glycerin, which is an alcohol.

What governs the solubility of carboxylic acid salts with 12-18 carbons?

The long non-polar hydrocarbon chain (hydrophobic) and the polar carboxylate group (hydrophilic).

What structure do soap molecules form in aqueous solutions?

In aqueous solutions, soap molecules orient themselves into micelles, with the hydrocarbon tail pointed inward and the carboxylate pointed outward.

What is the common issue with soaps when used in hard water?

Soaps tend to form scum, such as a ring around the tub.

What is a common modern alternative to soaps for cleaning?

Synthetic detergents, which clean like soaps but do not form soap scum.

What is Sodium Lauryl Sulfate?

A common detergent, also known as SDS or Sodium dodecyl sulfate, that is chemically similar to soaps.