BIO2600- Immune Physiology

T or F: Bone marrow is the primary site of B lymphocyte maturation.

True

T or F: Adaptive immune responses differ from innate immune responses in that the former are mediated by lymphocytes.

True

Which is typically present in a person with type O blood?

a. Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma

b. Erythrocytes with both type A antigen and type B antigen

c. Plasma that has neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies

d. Erythrocytes carrying type B antigen

e. Erythrocytes carrying type A antigen

Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma

T or F: A chemical that causes binding of a phagocyte to a microbe is called a chemotaxin.

False

The immune system destroys or neutralizes

a. cancer cells that arise in the body.

b. nonmicrobial foreign substances.

c. All of the choices are correct.

d. viruses.

e. bacteria.

All of the choices are correct

Which of the following cell types binds to antigens on plasma membranes of target cells and directly destroys the cells?

a. Helper T cells (CD4 cells)

b. NK cells

c. B cells

d. Neutrophils

e. Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 cells)

Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 cells)

Which is NOT a function performed by activated macrophages?

a. They secrete cell-killing chemicals.

b. They secrete cytokines involved in inflammation.

c. They perform phagocytosis.

d. They produce antibodies that bind to specific antigens.

e. They present antigens to T-cells.

They produce antibodies that bind to specific antigens.

When an antigen is bound to an antibody, it binds to

a. a hypervariable region of immunoglobulin DNA.

b. gamma immunoglobulin only.

c. the light immunoglobulin chain only.

d. a specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains.

e. the heavy immunoglobulin chain only.

a specific antigen-binding site formed by heavy and light chains.

T or F: The first pregnancy of an Rh-negative woman with an Rh-positive fetus would be at a higher risk for developing hemolytic disease of the newborn if the woman had received multiple Rh-positive blood transfusions in the past.

True

T or F: Passive immunization of an Rh-negative woman with anti-Rh factor antibodies within a few hours of giving birth to an Rh-positive baby is helpful in preventing hemolytic disease of the newborn in a subsequent pregnancy.

True

T or F: The body's first line of defense against invasion by microbes are physical and chemical barriers.

True

T or F: A person who receives a vaccine made from killed virus particles will, if the vaccination is successful, acquire passive immunity against that virus.

False

T or F: T lymphocytes mature primarily in the thymus.

True

T or F: In cell-mediated immune responses, immune cells directly kill antigen-bearing cells.

True

Which is TRUE regarding the immune system cells?

a. Neutrophils are classified as lymphoid cells.

b. Macrophages are derived from monocytes.

c. Plasma cells are derived from T cells.

d. Macrophages are derived from basophils.

e. The immune cells found within the blood stream are called erythrocytes.

Macrophages are derived from monocytes

B cells that differentiate during an initial immune response but remain dormant until being activated during a subsequent exposure to an antigen are called

a. monocytes.

b. memory cells.

c. cytokines.

d. macrophages.

e. T cells.

memory cells.

T or F: An adult with their thymus removed would have a marked decline in B cell maturation and B cell effector responses.

False

Which of the following statements regarding complement is FALSE?

a. The complement pathway is always dependent upon activation of the first complement protein,C1.

b. Certain complement proteins are always circulating in the blood in an inactive state.

c. Activated complement can form a membrane attack complex, which forms pores in microbemembranes.

The complement pathway is always dependent upon activation of the first complement protein,C1.

T or F: A person with type B blood can generally accept a transfusion of type AB blood.

False

Chemotaxis

a. is important onlyfor adaptive immune responses.

b. refers to the engulfing of microbes and foreign molecules by macrophages.

c. is important onlyfor innate immune responses.

d. refers to the chemical attraction of neutrophils to a site of inflammation.

e. refers to dilation of blood vessels by chemicals released by damaged tissue cells.

refers to the chemical attraction of neutrophils to a site of inflammation

T or F: The primary difference between active and passive immunity is that in active immunity, antibodies are produced in response to the presence of an antigen, while in passive immunity, pre-formed antibodies are provided from one person to another.

True

T or F: A consequence of inflammation is increased capillary filtration and edema, which causes swelling and pain.

True

Lupus is a disease in which the immune system makes antibodies that target the person’s own tissues, targeting them for destruction by the immune system. Which of the following might be a useful drug therapy for lupus?

a. A drug that inhibits B cells

b. A drug that inhibits phagocytosis

c. A drug that inhibits cytotoxic T cells

d. A drug that inhibits all cytokines

e. A drug that inhibits all cholesterol synthesis in the body

A drug that inhibits B cells

After activation of C3 of the complement system, which of these is a role of its component part,C3b?

a. It causes vasodilation of local blood vessels.

b. It acts as a chemotaxin for macrophages.

c. It stimulates the conversion of monocytes to neutrophils.

d. It acts as an opsonin that is recognized by phagocytes targeting the microbe for destruction.

e. It acts as an enzyme to convert nitric oxide into hydrogen peroxide.

It acts as an opsonin that is recognized by phagocytes targeting the microbe for destruction.

Which of the following statements regarding phagocytosis is TRUE?

a. The microbe engulfed by the phagocyte is killed by the membrane attack complex (MAC).

b. Macrophages are the only phagocytes in human tissues.

c. The microbe engulfed by the phagocyte is killed by lysosomal enzymes and hydrogen peroxide.

d. Antibodies found inside lysosomes attack and kill microbes that are engulfed byphagocytosis.

e. Phagocytosis is controlled by a negative feedback mechanism whereby phagocytes release chemicals that inhibit further phagocytosis.

The microbe engulfed by the phagocyte is killed by lysosomal enzymes and hydrogen peroxide.