Urinalysis Ch Misc body fluids objectives

Explain what is detected in a pregnancy test and what may affect test results

• Pregnancy tests detect the hormone produced in pregnancy, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (β-hCG)

  • Test can be done on blood or Urine

    • Blood is more constant

    • Urinary levels vary depending on the state of hydration (Specific Gravity> 1.015 or first in the morning)

• Enzyme immunoassays are the most popular tests

  • Can show as little as 10 since conception

  • Results reported as -hCG negative or -hCG positive

• False results can occur with large amounts of

  • blood

  • protein

  • bacterial contamination

Explain the importance of testing for urine eosinophils.

Seen in drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis (AIN)

• Immunological reaction against these antigens (antimicrobials)

Urine sediment and albumin is cytocentrifuged, air dried, and wright’s stained

Not a common test

• May also be present in

• Cystitis

• Glomerulonephritis

• Pyelonephritis

• Kidney transplant rejection

• Schistosoma infection

• Prostatitis

Describe testing of middle ear effusions.

Mostly seen in young children

Usually caused by anatomical factors

• obstruction of the Eustachian tubes

• ear infections

• allergic reactions

• impaired immunologic status

Describe the procedure for collection of vitreous fluid.

• Eyes

• Collected by vitrectomy

Suggest testing that may be performed on vitreous fluid.

• Diabetic rectinopathy

  • Specific proteins analyzed

• Malignancies

  • Flow cytometry studies for T-Cells to establish the presence of infiltrates

• Retinal detachment

  • May have higher levels of certain amino acids than normal vitreous fluid

Suggest reasons for which other body fluids may be tested.

Some give critical  clinical information

• Saliva

  • tested for HIV

  • Covid-19

  • Viruses

  • helicobacter pylori

  • some hormones

  • drugs of abuse

  • alcohol

  • fgenetic cancer markers

• Any body fluid can be checked for microorganisms

  • Staining procedures

  • cultures

  • molecular testing