HIS 201 Mid-Term

All of the following were original territories of North American Indian populations within the current borders of the United States except
A.) Mesoamerica.
B.) Northeast.
C.) Southeast.
D.) Great Plains.
E.) Great Basin.

All of the following were original territories of North American Indian populations within the current borders of the United States except
A.) Mesoamerica.
B.) Northeast.
C.) Southeast.
D.) Great Plains.
E.) Great Basin.

A.) Mesoamerica.

All of the following are true of the Inca, Mayan, and Aztec civilizations except they
A.) had advanced agricultural practices based primarily on the cultivation of maize.
B.) lacked the technology of the wheel.
C.) had the use of large draft animals such as the horse and oxen.
D.) built elaborate cities and carried on far-flung commerce.
E.) had talented mathematicians, which allowed them to make accurate astronomical observations.

C.) had the use of large draft animals such as the horse and oxen.

Which of the following New World plants revolutionized the international economy?
A.) Maize
B.) Potatoes
C.) Beans
D.) Tomatoes
E.) All of these

E.) All of these

In which of the following is the explorer mismatched with the area he explored?
A.) Coronado—New Mexico and Arizona
B.) Ponce de León—Mississippi River Valley
C.) Cortés—Mexico
D.) Pizarro—Peru
E.) Columbus—Caribbean islands

B.) Ponce de León—Mississippi River Valley

Which European empire's threatening expeditions and settlements in the South and West prompted Spain to establish a few settlement in Texas beginning in 1716?
A.) France
B.) Great Britain
C.) Portugal
D.) Holland
E.) none of these

A.) France

Under the Barbados slave code, slaves were
A. guaranteed the right to marry.
B. denied the most fundamental rights.
C. protected from the most vicious punishments.
D. given the opportunity to purchase their freedom.
E. assigned specific monetary value.

B. denied the most fundamental rights.

Unlike Separatists, the Puritans
A.) advocated strict separation of church and state.
B.) practiced passive resistance to oppression.
C.) remained members of the Church of England.
D.) were Calvinists.
E.) rejected belief in witchcraft.

C.) remained members of the Church of England.

Initially, the Massachusetts Bay Colony enjoyed all of the following advantages except that of
A.) being a well-equipped expedition.
B.) starting off on a larger scale than any other English colony.
C.) receiving many fairly prosperous and educated immigrants.
D.) receiving a majority of the Puritans coming to the New World.
E.) a shared purpose among the first settlers.

D.) receiving a majority of the Puritans coming to the New World.

Economically, the colony of Pennsylvania
A.) got off to a very slow start.
B.) never prospered.
C.) received much help from New York.
D.) became profitable very quickly.
E.) had extensive plantations.

D.) became profitable very quickly.

Pennsylvania was the
A.) best advertised.
B.) most lied about.
C.) slowest to attract settlers.
D.) only settlement with royal colony status.
E.) All of these

A.) best advertised.

By the end of the seventeenth century, indentured servants who gained their freedom
A.) often gained great wealth as more land opened for settlement.
B.) rarely returned to work for their masters.
C.) almost always found high-paying jobs in the cities.
D.) had little choice but to hire themselves out for low wages to their former masters.
E.) often returned to England penniless and broke.

D.) had little choice but to hire themselves out for low wages to their former masters.

The Great Awakening
A.) undermined the prestige of the learned clergy in the colonies.
B.) split colonial churches into several competing denominations.
C.) led to the founding of Princeton, Dartmouth, and Rutgers colleges.
D.) was the first spontaneous mass movement of the American people.
E.) All of these

E.) All of these

The New Light preachers of the Great Awakening
A.) delivered intensely emotional sermons.
B.) rarely addressed themselves to the matter of individual salvation.
C.) reinforced the established churches.
D.) were ultimately unsuccessful in arousing the religious enthusiasm of colonial Americans.
E.) opposed the emotionalism of the revivalists.

A.) delivered intensely emotional sermons.

The South held about ____ percent of the slaves in the thirteen colonies of North America.
A.) 100
B.) 90
C.) 80
D.) 70
E.) 50

B.) 90

The jury's decision in the case of John Peter Zenger, a newspaper printer, was significant because
A.) he was found guilty.
B.) it supported English law.
C.) it facilitated freedom of the press and a more robust public discussion of political affairs in the colonies.
D.) the ruling prohibited criticism of political officials.
E.) it allowed the press to print irresponsible criticisms of powerful people without fearing a successful lawsuit for libel.

C.) it facilitated freedom of the press and a more robust public discussion of political affairs in the colonies.

The most honored profession in early colonial society was
A.) medicine.
B.) law.
C.) the ministry.
D.) farming.
E.) the merchants.

C.) the ministry.

The population growth of the American colonies by 1775 is attributed mostly to
A.) white immigration from Europe.
B.) the natural fertility of Native Americans.
C.) the importation of slaves from Africa.
D.) the influx of immigrants from Latin America.
E.) the natural fertility of all Americans.

E.) the natural fertility of all Americans.

The slave culture that developed in America
A.) was derived exclusively from African roots.
B.) rejected Christianity.
C.) was Muslim in its religious teachings.
D.) contained many Western elements that remained thoroughly European.
E.) included the distinctive cultural contributions of native-born African Americans.

E.) included the distinctive cultural contributions of native-born African Americans.

By the early eighteenth century, religion in colonial America was
A.) stronger than at any previous time.
B.) holding steadfastly to the belief that spiritual conversion was essential for church membership.
C.) moving away from clerical intellectualism.
D.) less fervid than when the colonies were established.
E.) becoming less tolerant.

D.) less fervid than when the colonies were established.

As a result of General Braddock's defeat a few miles from Fort Duquesne
A.) the British controlled the frontier.
B.) George Washington was left without a military command.
C.) the frontier from Pennsylvania to North Carolina was open to Indian attack.
D.) General Braddock was forced to leave the military.
E.) the British called off their planned invasion of Canada.

C.) the frontier from Pennsylvania to North Carolina was open to Indian attack.

Benjamin Franklin published in his Pennsylvania Gazette his most famous cartoon of the colonial era, a disjointed snake, which
A.) promoted the idea that America, if they accepted the Albany Plan, would be cut apart and die.
B.) promoted the idea that if the colonies did not stand united against France, they would fall apart and die.
C.) argued that the British would cut apart the French (like the snake) once the Albany Plan was accepted.
D.) implied that the French was like the snake, waiting to be cut apart by the Albany Plan.
E.) promoted the idea that the French, if they accepted the Albany Plan, would join forces with the British and be united, unlike the disjointed snake.

B.) promoted the idea that if the colonies did not stand united against France, they would fall apart and die.

Benjamin Franklin's plan for colonial home rule was rejected by the individual colonies because
A.) it did not provide for the common defense.
B.) the British approved it.
C.) it did not seem to give enough independence to the colonies.
D.) they did not feel that they had been well represented at the Albany Congress.
E.) it placed too much power in the hands of local governments.

C.) it did not seem to give enough independence to the colonies.

Chief Pontiac decided to try to drive the British out of the Ohio Valley because
A.) the British were weak as a result of the Seven Years' War.
B.) the British had deliberately infected Indians with smallpox.
C.) of the Proclamation of 1763.
D.) the Indians were in a precarious position.
E.) the French government had promised to help.

D.) the Indians were in a precarious position.

The immediate purpose of the Albany Congress of 1754 was to
A.) request the help of the British military.
B.) keep the Iroquois tribes loyal to the British.
C.) prevent the French from attacking American outposts.
D.) support George Washington's desire to head the colonial militia.
E.) block British efforts to take control of New York City.

B.) keep the Iroquois tribes loyal to the British.

For the American colonies, the Seven Years' War
A.) ended the myth of British invincibility.
B.) left them in need of experienced officers.
C.) offered the opportunity to grow closer to the British.
D.) gave them the opportunity to finally gain control of Mississippi.
E.) helped improve relations between Britain and the colonies.

A.) ended the myth of British invincibility.

French motives in the New World included the desire to
A.) establish agricultural communities to produce profitable staple crops.
B.) convert Indians to Protestantism.
C.) compete with Spain for an empire in America.
D.) provide a place for French religious dissenters to settle.
E.) compete with Portugal for an empire in America.

C.) compete with Spain for an empire in America.

Unlike the first three Anglo-French wars, the Seven Years' War
A.) won the British territorial concessions.
B.) united British colonists in strong support of the mother country.
C.) was fought initially on the North American continent.
D.) did not affect American colonists' attitudes toward England.
E.) resulted in a stronger French presence in North America.

C.) was fought initially on the North American continent.

African Americans during the Revolutionary War
A.) fought for both the Americans and the British.
B.) fought only for the British.
C.) fought only for the Americans.
D.) supported neither side, as both enslaved them.
E.) seized the opportunity to gain their freedom by running away to Barbados

A.) fought for both the Americans and the British.

As a result of American opposition to the Townshend Acts
A.) British officials sent regiments of troops to Boston to restore law and order.
B.) the port of Boston was closed.
C.) Americans killed several British soldiers in the Boston Massacre.
D.) Parliament repealed all of the taxes levied under this legislation.
E.) Prime Minister Townshend was forced to resign.

A.) British officials sent regiments of troops to Boston to restore law and order.

The Boston Tea Party of 1773 was
A.) an isolated incident of protest against British rule in the American colonies.
B.) directed only at the British East India Company.
C.) the provocation against the British authorities to enact and implement more coercive and authoritarian laws governing the colonies.
D.) enthusiastically supported by friends of colonists in America who had economic interests in the colonies.
E.) the result of the Intolerable Acts.

C.) the provocation against the British authorities to enact and implement more coercive and authoritarian laws governing the colonies.

The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the American colonies because it did all of the following except it
A.) aroused anti-Catholic sentiment among Protestant American colonists who feared the act's extension of Catholic influence in North America.
B.) potentially undermined the asserted democratic rights and institutions of American colonists, including the right to jury trials and the election of representative assemblies, throughout North America, not merely in Quebec.
C.) denied French colonists in Quebec and the Ohio River Valley the right to retain many of their old customs and institutions.
D.) alarmed land speculators, who saw a huge area in the Ohio River Valley snatched from their grasp.
E.) was regarded as an unjustified political reaction by the British authorities to the unrest in Boston.

C.) denied French colonists in Quebec and the Ohio River Valley the right to retain many of their old customs and institutions.

A.) Samuel Adams: a pamphleteer who first organized committees of correspondence to exchange ideas and information on resisting British policy

B) .John Adams: a Massachusetts politician who defeated the proposed home rule solution to the imperial crisis at the First Continental Congress advocated by colonial moderates

C.) Crispus Attucks: a casualty of the Boston Massacre

D.) Baron von Stueben: a foreign volunteer who drilled American troops during the War of Independence

Arrange these battles in chronological order: (A) Trenton, (B) Saratoga, (C) Long Island, and (D) Charleston.
A.) B, C, A, D
B.) C, A, B, D
C.) C, B, A, D
D.) C, B, D, A
E.) A, B, C, D

B.) C, A, B, D

France came to America's aid in the Revolution because
A.) French officials supported the cause of democracy.
B.) it hoped to gain access to the American fur trade.
C.) it perceived that succesfully assisting the American cause could lead to achieving their ultimate goal of breaking up the British Empire.
D.) it could use America to test new military tactics.
E.) its new alliance with Britain would be a surprise to both militaries

C.) it perceived that succesfully assisting the American cause could lead to achieving their ultimate goal of breaking up the British Empire.

The Olive Branch Petition
A.) was passed by Parliament.
B.) was an expression of King George III's desire for peace.
C.) promised no treason charges if colonists stopped fighting.
D.) was an attempt by the colonists to gain support of Native Americans.
E.) was an effort by the Continental Congress to seek a political accommodation with King George III and prevent further hostilities with British military authorities.

E.) was an effort by the Continental Congress to seek a political accommodation with King George III and prevent further hostilities with British military authorities.

The colonial army eventually lost the Battle of Bunker Hill because its troops were
A.) outnumbered.
B.) short of gunpowder.
C.) poorly organized.
D.) poor shots.
E.) lacking in courage.

B.) short of gunpowder.

The most important contribution of the seagoing privateers during the Revolutionary War was that they
A.) gained control of the sea for the colonists.
B.) successfully invaded the British West Indies.
C.) captured hundreds of British merchant ships.
D.) fought the British navy to a standstill.
E.) made reliance on the French unnecessary.

C.) captured hundreds of British merchant ships.

The Treaty of Fort Stanwix, the first treaty between the United States and an Indian nation, resulted in
A.) the ceding of most of the Iroquois' land.
B.) an end to the practice of scalping.
C.) the slowing of the westward movement of pioneers.
D.) the renunciation by the Oneidas and the Tuscaroras of their support for the British.
E.) turning over the hair buyers for pros

A.) the ceding of most of the Iroquois' land.

A major strength of the Articles of Confederation was its
A.) ​control over interstate commerce.
B.) strong judicial branch.
C.) ability to maintain the ideal of union among the states and hold the states together until a strong constitution could become politically viable and eventually adopted by the states.
D.) ability to coin money.
E.) strong executive branch.

C.) ability to maintain the ideal of union among the states and hold the states together until a strong constitution could become politically viable and eventually adopted by the states.

Among other views, The Federalist, written during the ratification debate, argued that it was
A.) impossible to safeguard the rights of states from the power of a strong central government.
B.) possible to extend a republican form of government over a large territory.
C.) inevitable that slavery would be abolished in the new republic.
D.) illegal to replace the Articles of Confederation with a new constitution.
E.) best to establish a direct democracy.

B.) possible to extend a republican form of government over a large territory.

A.Britain: 3.occupied a chain of trading forts in the Old Northwest
B.France: 2.demanded repayment of wartime loans
C.Spain: 4.controlled important trade routes from the interior of North America
D.Barbary Coast: 1.threatened American commerce in the Mediterranean

A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1

Shays's Rebellion convinced many Americans of the need for
A.) lower taxes.
B.) granting long-delayed bonuses to Revolutionary War veterans.
C.) a vigilante effort by westerners to halt the Indian threat.
D.) a stronger central government.
E.) a weaker military presence in the West.

D.) a stronger central government.

The Articles of Confederation left Congress unable to
A.) organize development of the western lands.
B.) deal with foreign affairs.
C.) apportion state representation equally.
D.) enforce a tax-collection program.
E.) establish a postal service.

D.) enforce a tax-collection program.

All of the following are guarantees provided by the Bill of Rights except
A.) the right to vote for all citizens.
B.) freedom of speech.
C.) freedom of religion.
D.) freedom of the press.
E.) right to a trial by a jury.

A.) the right to vote for all citizens.

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) XYZ affair, (B) Neutrality Proclamation, (C) Jay's Treaty, and (D) Kentucky and Virginia resolutions.
A.) C, B, A, D
B.) B, A, C, D
C.) B, C, A, D
D.) C, B, D, A
E.) A, B, D, C

C.) B, C, A, D

A.Thomas Jefferson: 2.secretary of state
B.Alexander Hamilton: 4.secretary of treasury
C.Henry Knox: 3.secretary of war
D.John Jay: 1.Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

C.) A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1

President Adams sought a peaceful solution to the undeclared war with France in order to
A.) ensure his chances of reelection in 1800.
B.) align himself with the Hamiltonian wing of the Federalist party.
C.) save the Franco-American alliance of 1778.
D.) prevent the outbreak of a full-scale war.
E.) keep trade with France in place.

D.) prevent the outbreak of a full-scale war.

The Sedition Act
A.) threatened First Amendment freedoms of speech and press.
B.) established criteria for deporting dangerous foreigners.
C.) changed naturalization requirements for new citizens.
D.) was never enforced.
E.) was found by the Supreme Court to be unconstitutional.

A.) threatened First Amendment freedoms of speech and press.

The main purpose of the Alien Laws and Sedition Acts was to
A.) capture French and British spies.
B.) control the Federalists.
C.) silence and punish critics of the Federalists.
D.) keep Thomas Jefferson from becoming president.
E.) provide support for the Democratic-Republican party.

C.) silence and punish critics of the Federalists.