Back and Vertebrae

How many total vertebrae are there?

33

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

7

Features:
- bifid spinous process
- transverse foramen

Cervical vertebrae

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

5

Features:
-Large bodies
- square spinous processes

Lumbar vertebrae

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

12

Features:
- facets on the body and transverse processes
- prominent pointy spinous process

Thoracic vertebrae

How many fused vertebrae are in the sacrum?

5

How many vertebrae are in the coccygeal?

4

What runs through the intervertebral forman?

Spinal Nerves

What structures on the vertebrae articulate with other vertebrae when they are stacked?

Superior and Inferior facets

What structures sandwiches the vertebral discs?

Body

What runs through transverse foramen?

vertebral arteries

What is another name for C1?

Atlas

What process of C2 acts as a body for C1?

The Dens

Which side of the sacrum is rough?

Posterior side

__________: an exaggerated thoracic curve

kyphosis

__________: an exaggerated lumbar curve

Lordosis

___________: lateral curve in the spine

Scoliosis

What is the joint in between vertebrae called?

Intervertebral discs

What is the outside matter of intervertebral discs called?

Anulus fibrosus

What is the center matter of the intervertebral discs called?

nucleus

What type of joints are found at articular facets of vertebrae?

Synovial joints

What kind of joint is between the spinous processes of the vertebrae?

Syndesmosis

List the fascial layers starting from outside the body.

- skin
- superficial fascia (subcutaneous)
- deep fascia (epimysium)

What muscle is located superficially on the upper back?

Trapezius

What muscle is located superficially on the lower back?

Latissimus dorsi

What muscle is located superficially underneath the trapezius?

Rhomboids

Which superficial muscle raises the shoulder?

Levator scapulae

What are intermediate muscles used for?

Respiration

What is the intermediate muscle located on the upper back?

Serratus posterior superior

What is the intermediate muscle located on the lower back?

Serratus posterior inferior

Which deep muscles run along the spine?

Erector spinae

What are the function of the deep muscles?

Maintain posture

Splenius ________ : deep muscle more medial

Splenius capitis

Splenius ______: deep muscle more lateral

Splenius cervicis

What is the most medial deep muscle?

Semispinalis capitis

What is the insertion of trapezius?

Scapula (spine and acromion) and Clavicle (superior lateral third)

What is in the origin of trapezius?

-C1-T12 spinous process
- Skull: superior nuchal line

What is the origin of Latissimus dorsi?

-Vertebral spine T6-T12
- Os coxae
-Lumbodorsal fascia
- Lower ribs 3 and 4

What is the insertion of latissimus dorsi?

humerus (intertubercular sulcus)

What is the origin of the levator scapulae?

transverse processes of C1-C4

What is the insertion of levator scapulae?

Superior vertebral border of scapula

What is the origin of rhomboids?

spinous processes of C7-T5

What is the insertion of the rhomboids?

vertebral border of scapula