goverment inherent powers

Exclusive powers

Powers only exercised by the federal government, such as declaring war.

Concurrent powers

Powers shared by both states and federal governments, such as the power to tax.

Express powers

Powers specifically spelled out in Article 1 of the Constitution for Congress, also known as enumerated powers.

Implied powers

Powers not explicitly spelled out in the Constitution, derived from the Necessary and Proper Clause.

Necessary and Proper Clause

Gives Congress the power to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying out its expressed powers, also known as the elastic clause.

Inherent powers

Powers that every government has, which develop over time and are not based on the Constitution.

Reserve powers

Powers reserved to the states by the 10th amendment, including establishing schools and regulating elections.