india 1750-1900

Mughal Empire

A prominent empire in South Asia that experienced decline due to internal weaknesses and external pressures from 1750 to 1857.

Battle of Plassey

A decisive battle in 1757 where the British East India Company defeated Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah, gaining control over Bengal.

British East India Company (EIC)

The trading company that expanded its control over India from 1757 to 1858 through military conquests and diplomatic strategies.

Doctrine of Lapse

British policy allowing annexation of Indian states when rulers died without male heirs, introduced by Lord Dalhousie.

Deindustrialization

The economic process where Indian textile industries declined due to British policies favoring raw material exports.

Permanent Settlement (1793)

A land taxation system under the zamindari system where landlords collected taxes, often leading to peasant exploitation.

Indian Rebellion of 1857

A major uprising against British rule, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, triggered by cultural insensitivity and economic distress.

British Raj

The period of direct British rule in India from 1858 to 1947, following the abolition of East India Company rule.

Indian Renaissance

A cultural and social movement from 1750 to 1900 advocating for reforms and a return to Vedic traditions, involved figures like Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

Indian National Congress

Founded in 1885 by A.O. Hume, it aimed for Indian representation in government and played a significant role in the Indian independence movement.

Suez Canal

An artificial waterway opened in 1869, reducing the travel distance between Europe and India, thus enhancing British trade.

Indentured Labor Migration

The movement of Indian workers to other parts of the British Empire as laborers after the abolition of slavery in 1833.

Hindu Nationalism

A political and social movement emerging in the late 19th century advocating for the rights and identity of Hindus in India.

Muslim Identity Movements

Movements that arose to address Muslim political rights and identity, leading to the establishment of the All India Muslim League in 1906.